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2: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}-a-b-c=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c-a-b-c=0\)
1: Sửa đề: Cho \(x,y,z\ne0\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{2}{2x+y+2z}\).
CM:....
Đặt 2x = x', 2z = z'.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2}{x'}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z'}=\dfrac{2}{x'+y+z'}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}-\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+z'}{x'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}+\dfrac{y+z'}{yz'}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(y+z'\right)\left(yz'+x'^2+x'y+x'z'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x'+y\right)\left(y+z'\right)\left(z'+x'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(2z+2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
vi a/x + b/y + c/z =0 suy ra ayz/xyz + bxz/xyz + cxy/xyz =0 suy ra ayz+bxz+cxy /xyz =0 suy ra ayz + bxz + cxy =0
vi x/a + y/b =z/c =0 suy ra (x/a + y/b + z/c )^2 =0 suy ra x^2/a^2 +y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 + 2(xy/ab + xz/ac + yz/bc) =0
suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 + 2(cxy+ bxz +ayz /abc) =0
suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 =0
suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 +2011 = 2011
\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\) =>\(\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\) =>\(ayz+bxz+cxy=0\) \(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=0\)=>\(\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=0\)
\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ac}\right)=0=>\dfrac{x^2}{a2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bxz}{abc}\right)=0\) \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=0\) (vì ayz+bxz+cxy=0)
Vậy \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2011=2011\)
Xét tam giác ABC có ba cạnh BC = a, CA = b, AB = c. Phân giác của các góc A, B, C lần lượt là AD = x, BE = y, CF = z.
Kẻ DM // AB \((M\in AC)\).
Ta có \(\widehat{ADM}=\widehat{BAD}=\widehat{MAD}\Rightarrow\) Tam giác AMD cân tại M.
Do đó AM = MD.
Áp dụng định lý Thales với DM // AB ta có:
\(\dfrac{MD}{AB}=\dfrac{CM}{AC}=1-\dfrac{AM}{AC}=1-\dfrac{DM}{AC}\Rightarrow\dfrac{MD}{AB}+\dfrac{MD}{AC}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{MD}=\dfrac{1}{AB}+\dfrac{1}{AC}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\).
Mặt khác theo bất đẳng thức tam giác ta có \(x=AD< AM+MD=2MD\Rightarrow MD>\dfrac{x}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{MD}< \dfrac{2}{x}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}< \dfrac{2}{x}\).
Tương tự \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}< \dfrac{2}{y};\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}< \dfrac{2}{z}\).
Cộng vế với vế của các bđt trên rồi rút gọn ta có đpcm.
\(1,Q=\dfrac{a^4-2a^2+a^3-2a+a^2-2}{a^4-2a^2+2a^3-4a+a^2-2}\\ Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+2a+1}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1-\dfrac{3}{4}x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{3}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(2,\text{Từ GT }\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+czy}{xyz}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+czy=0\\ \text{Ta có }\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ca}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{0}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
Bài 3:
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2}=2\left(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\) \(\geq 2.\frac{(1+1)^2}{2xy+x^2+y^2}=\frac{8}{(x+y)^2}=8\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{1}{2xy}+\left (\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\geq \frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{(1+1)^2}{2xy+x^2+y^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{4}{(x+y)^2}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(xy\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2xy}\geq 2\)
Do đó \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\geq 2+4=6\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1: Thiếu đề.
Bài 2: Sai đề, thử với \(x=\frac{1}{6}\)
Bài 4 a) Sai đề với \(x<0\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^4-x+\frac{1}{2}=\left (x^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)-x+\frac{1}{4}\geq x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}=(x-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x^4=\frac{1}{4}\\ x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lý)
Do đó dấu bằng không xảy ra , nên \(x^4-x+\frac{1}{2}>0\)
Bài 6: Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho $6$ số:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^3b^3c^3d^3}=6\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
5) a) Đặt b+c-a=x;a+c-b=y;a+b-c=z thì 2a=y+z;2b=x+z;2c=x+y
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\ge6\)
Vậy ta suy ra đpcm
b) Ta có: a+b>c;b+c>a;a+c>b
Xét: \(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
.Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c};\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
6) Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\ge2ab+2cd+ab+cd=3\left(ab+cd\right)\)
\(ab+cd=ab+\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge2\)
Suy ra đpcm
Bài 2:
\(A=\dfrac{x\left(x^3+1\right)}{x^2-x+1}-\dfrac{x\left(x^3-1\right)}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)-x\left(x-1\right)\)
=x^2+x-x^2+x
=2x
\(1.\) Giả sử : \(a\ge b\ge c\Rightarrow a+b\ge a+c\ge b+c\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{c}{a+b}\le\dfrac{c}{b+c};\dfrac{b}{a+c}\le\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}\le\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}=1+\dfrac{a}{b+c}< 1+1=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(2.\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+x^2z+xy^2+y^2z+xyz+xyz+yz^2+xz^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x+y+z\right)+yz\left(x+y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)y\left(x+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+z\right)\left(xy+y^2+yz+xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\x=-z\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Với : \(x=-y\) , ta có :
Đpcm \(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{y^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{-y^{2011}+y^{2011}+z^{2011}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}\left(luôn-đúng\right)\)
Tương tự với 2 TH còn lại .
\(\RightarrowĐCPM\)