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Relative Clauses
Combine the two sentences, using relative pronouns
1. Mr. Smith is my former teacher. He lives 3 miles away.
Mr. Smith who is my former teacher lives 3 miles away.
2. He showed me the village. He was born there.
He showed me the village where he was born
3. I don’t know the girl. She’s gone into the hall.
I don’t know the girl who has gone into the hall.
4. The boy is now in the hospital. He was injured in the accident.
The boy who was injured in the accident is now in the hospital
5. The stories are usually funny. She tells the children the stories.
She tells the children the stories which are usually funny
6. The boy can play the piano well. He’s only ten years old.
The boy who is only ten years old can play the piano well
7. The bike is mine. It’s in the bicycle-shed.
The bike which is in the bicycle-shed is mine
8. Can you see the boy? He is standing at the door.
Can you see the boy who is standing at the door?
9. I stopped in Maidstone. My sister has a shop there.
I stopped in Maidstone where My sister has a shop
10. There was no body left on the train. This made me suspicious.
There was no body left on the train, which made me suspicious.
11. A friend of mine helped me get the job. He is the manager of a company.
A friend of mine who helped me get the job is the manager of a company.
12. The flight was fully booked. We wanted to travel on it.
The flight which We wanted to travel on was fully booked
13. I often go to Ha Long. I like it very much.
I often go to Ha Long which I like very much.
14. Thank you for your letter. You sent me it yesterday.
Thank you for your letter which you sent me yesterday.
15. He has a dog. Its name is Lulu.
He has a dog whose name is Lulu.
16. I grew in Hanoi. Uncle Ho died in Hanoi.
I grew in Hanoi where Uncle Ho died
17. I love the girl. Her hands are very charming.
I love the girl whose hands are very charming.
18. Are you going to the party? I am invited to it.
Are you going to the party which I am invited to ?
19. I always see his smile. It makes him more handsome.
I always see his smile which makes him more handsome.
20. I have a friend. She is called Mary. She is a worker.
I have a friend who is called Mary. She is a worker.
Relative Clauses
Combine the two sentences, using relative pronouns
1. Mr. Smith is my former teacher. He lives 3 miles away.
=> Mr. Smith, who lives 3 miles away, is my former teacher.
2. He showed me the village. He was born there.
=> He showed me the village where he was born.
3. I don’t know the girl. She’s gone into the hall.
=> I don't know the girl who's gone into the hall.
4. The boy is now in the hospital. He was injured in the accident.
=> The boy, who was injured in the accident, is now in the hospital.
5. The stories are usually funny. She tells the children the stories.
=> The stories which she tells the children are usually funny.
6. The boy can play the piano well. He’s only ten years old.
=> The boy, who's only ten years old, can play the piano well.
7. The bike is mine. It’s in the bicycle-shed.
=> The bike which is in the bicycle-shed is mine.
8. Can you see the boy? He is standing at the door.
=> Can you see the boy who is standing at the door?
9. I stopped in Maidstone. My sister has a shop there.
=> I stopped in Maidstone where my sister has a shop.
10. There was no body left on the train. This made me suspicious.
=> There was nobody left on the train, which made me suspicious.
11. A friend of mine helped me get the job. He is the manager of a company.
=> A friend of mine, who is the manager of a company, helped me get the job.
12. The flight was fully booked. We wanted to travel on it.
=> The flight, which we wanted to travel on, was fully booked.
13. I often go to Ha Long. I like it very much.
=> I often go to Ha Long, which I like very much.
14. Thank you for your letter. You sent me it yesterday.
=> Thank you for your letter which you sent me yesterday.
15. He has a dog. Its name is Lulu.
=> He has a dog whose name is Lulu.
16. I grew in Hanoi. Uncle Ho died in Hanoi.
=> I grew in Hanoi where Uncle Ho died.
17. I love the girl. Her hands are very charming.
=> I love the girl whose hands are very charming.
18. Are you going to the party? I am invited to it.
=> Are you going to the party which I am invited to?
19. I always see his smile. It makes him more handsome.
=> I always see his smile which makes him more handsome.
20. I have a friend. She is called Mary. She is a worker.
=> I have a friend called Mary, who is a worker.
I . combine each pair of sentences , using present participle ( V-ing ) or past participle ( -Ved )
Ex : That woman is my sister . She is cooking
-> That woman cooking is my sister
1. He is repairing the car . It is made in Japan
=> The car made in Japan is being repaired.
2. The house is very old . It was built in 1990
=> The house built in 1990 is very old.
3. The film is very interesting . It was watched last night
=> The film watched last night is very interesting.
4. Do you know the man ? The man is drawing the picture
=> Do you know the man drawing the picture?
5. The woman is my teacher . She is talking to the headmaster
=> The woman talking to the headmaster is my teacher.
6. The road is very large . It joins two cities
=> The road joins two cities is very large.
7. The girl is intelligent . She sits next to me
=> The girl sitting next to me is intelligent.
8. The boy is my neighbor's son . He is playing in the front yard
=> The boy playing in the front yard is my neighbor's son.
9. The man was taken to the local hospital . He was injured in the accident
=> The man injuring in the accident was taken to the local hospital.
10. The musician is internationally famous . He appeared in the concert last night
=> The musician appearing in the concert last night is internationally famous.
I . combine each pair of sentences , using present participle ( V-ing ) or past participle ( -Ved )
Ex : That woman is my sister . She is cooking
-> That woman cooking is my sister
1. He is repairing the car . It is made in Japan
=> The car made in Japan is being repaired.
2. The house is very old . It was built in 1990
=> The house built in 1990 is very old.
3. The film is very interesting . It was watched last night
=> The film watched last night is very interesting.
4. Do you know the man ? The man is drawing the picture
=> Do you know the man drawing the picture?
5. The woman is my teacher . She is talking to the headmaster
=> The woman talking to the headmaster is my teacher.
6. The road is very large . It joins two cities
=> The road joins two cities is very large.
7. The girl is intelligent . She sits next to me
=> The girl sitting next to me is intelligent.
8. The boy is my neighbor's son . He is playing in the front yard
=> The boy playing in the front yard is my neighbor's son.
9. The man was taken to the local hospital . He was injured in the accident
=> The man injuring in the accident was taken to the local hospital.
10. The musician is internationally famous . He appeared in the concert last night
=> The musician appearing in the concert last night is internationally famous.
Combine each using adj/ adv+ enough+ to- infinitive
1. Her sister is old. She can get married
=>Her sister is old enough to get married.
2. The dress is not very cheap. You can not buy it at that money
=>The dress is not cheap enough for you to buy at that money.
3. They work very hard. They can fishing their work on time
=>They work hard enough to fishing their work on time.
4. The girl is beautiful and intelligent. She can become Miss Word
=>The girl is beautiful and intelligent enough to become Miss Word.
5. The film is not interesting . We can not see it to the end
=>The film is not interesting enough for us to see to the end.
6. He doesn't play volleyball well. He can not be a volleyball player
=>He doesn't play volleyball well enough to be a volleyball player.
7. The test is rather easy. The students can do it in 40 minutes
=>The test is rather easy enough for the students to do in 40 minutes.
8. She learn very well. She can pass the exam easily
=>She learns very well enough to pass the exam easily.
9. The man did n' t run fast. He couldn't catch the bus
=>The man didn't run fast enough to catch the bus.
10. The break is fresh. The child can eat it
=>The break is fresh enough for the child to eat.
Không chắc lắm
Combine each using adj/ adv+ enough+ to- infinitive
1. Her sister is old. She can get married
her sister is not old enough to get married
2. The dress is not very cheap. You can not buy it at that money
the dress is not cheap enough for you to buy
3. They work very hard. They can fishing their work on time
they work hard enough to finish their work on time
4. The girl is beautiful and intelligent. She can become Miss Word
the girl is beautiful and intelligent enough to become miss word
5. The film is not interesting . We can not see it to the end
the film is not interesting enough for us to see it to the end
6. He doesn't play volleyball well. He can not be a volleyball player
he doesn't play volleyball well enough to be a volleyball player
7. The test is rather easy. The students can do it in 40 minutes
the test is easy enough for the students to do it in 40 minutes
8. She learn very well. She can pass the exam easily
she learns well enough to pass the exam easily
9. The man did n' t run fast. He couldn't catch the bus
the man didn't run fast enough to catch the bus
10. The break is fresh. The child can eat it
the bread is fresh enough for the child to eat it
III. Change clauses of concession to phrases.
1. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
-> She didn't eat much despite her hunger.
2. He couldn’t solve the problem though he is good at maths.
-> He couldn't solve the problem in spite of being good at maths.
3. Mr Pike doesn’t wear glasses though he is over sixty.
-> Mr. Pike doesn't wear glasses despite being over sixty.
4. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.
-> In spite of his experience in machinery, he didn't succeed in repairing this machine.
5. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
-> Despite the dark, they continued to work.
6. Although it was noise, I kept on studying.
-> In spite of the noise, I kept on studying.
7. Although it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
-> Despite the heavy rain, I went to school on time.
8. The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
-> In spite of the fog, the flight was not delayed.
9. He ate all the fruits though they were green.
-> Despite the fruits's being green, he ate all of them.
10. We did the test well though it was difficult.
-> We did the test in spite of its difficulty.
11. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
-> Despite his strength, I'm not afraid of him.
12. Everybody has great regard for him though he is poor.
-> Everybody has great regard for him despite his poverty.
13. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
-> The plane took off despite the bad weather.
14. He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red.
-> He didn't stop his car despite the red traffic lights.
15. He studied very well though his life was hard at that time.
-> He studied very well despite his hard life at that time.
16. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
-> Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.
17. Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
-> Despite his good English, he wasn't chosen.
18. Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German.
-> Despite his English name, he is in fact German.
19. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
-> He always studies hard despite the difficulties he encounters.
20. Although the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic.
-> Despite the bad weather, we are gonig to have a picnic.
21. Although he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
-> Despite not having finished the paper, he went to sleep.
22. She attended the class although she didn’t feel alert.
-> She attended the class despite not feeling alert.
23. The child ate the cookies even though his mother had told him not to.
-> The child ate the cookies despite his mother's having told him not to.
24. She drank coffee to keep herself warm although she disliked it.
-> She drank coffee to keep herself warm despite her dislike for it.
25. Mary will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.
-> Mary will take a plane despite her dislike for flying.
26. Although Mary was sad, she managed to smile.
-> Despite Mary's sadness, she managed to smile.
27. The old woman told interesting stories to the children although her memory was poor.
-> The old woman told interesting stories to the children despite her poor memory.
28. Though he had been absent frequently, he was managed to pass the test.
-> Despite his frequent absence, he managed to pass the test.
29. He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet.
-> He ate the chocolate cake despite being on diet.
30. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
-> Despite the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies.
Rewrite these sentences using ''so...that'' or ''such....that''.
1.The food was so hot that it burned my tongue.
-> It was such hot food that it burned my tongue.
2.There is so much rain that we can't go out.
-> There is such a lot of rain that we can't go out.
3.He is such a fat boy that every calls him Stuffy.
-> The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
4.The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
-> It is such excellent milk that all the children want some more.
5.The was so warm that thay had s walk in the garden.
-> It was such warm weather that thay had s walk in the garden.
6.There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
-> There were such a lot of people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
7.It was such an exciting match that all the fans shouted loudly.
-> The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
8.They drank such a lot of coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
-> They drunk so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
9.Alice had such a lot of exercise to do that she coudn't go out.
-> Alice had so much exercise to do that she coudn't go out.
10.The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
->She was such a poor woman that she needed everyone's help.
11. The furniture was so expensive that I didn't buy it.
-> The furniture was too expensive for me to buy.
12.It was so late that nothing could be done .
-> It was too late to do anything.
13.The timber was so hard that the carpenter could cut it.
-> The timber was too hard for the carpenter to cut.
14.The meat was so rotten that it had to be thrown away.
-> It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away.
15.They couldn't go sailing as the no one wants very rough.
-> The sea was too rough to go sailing.
16.It is such a dirty restaurant that no one wants to eat there.
-> The restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there.
17.I can't get my feet into these shoes.
-> These shoes are too small for me to get my feet into.
18.This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping.
-> This is such an old furniture that it is not worth keeping.
19.The bread is so stale that we can't eat it.
-> The bread isn't fresh enough for us to eat.
20.He speaks so slowly that his students get very bored.
-> He is such a slow speaker that his students get very bored.
21.The car was so rusty that it couldn't be repaired.
-> The car was too rusty to repaired.
22.He was so disgusted at her behaviour that he severed all her contact with her.
-> Such was a disgusting behaviour of her that he severed all her contact with her.
23.The child was so afraid that he hid behind the sofa.
-> So afraid was the child that he hid behind the sofa.
24.Thay had such a fierce dog that nobody dared to visit them.
-> So fierce had a dog that nobody dared to visit them.
25.He is so strong that he can pull a van weighting 2.5 tons.
-> Such is a strong man that he can pull a van weighting 2.5 tons.
II. Complete the sentences with either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF:
1. We postponed our trip because of the bad driving conditions.
2. Sue’s eyes were red because she had been swimming in a chlorinated pool.
3. We can’t visit the museum tomorrow because it isn’t open.
4. Jim had to give up jogging because of his sprained ankle. (mắt cá bong gân)
5. Because heavy fog at the airport, we had to stay in Boston an extra day.
6. Please walk carefully because the walkway is slippery (adj-trơn) when wet.
7. Thousands of Irish people emigrated to the United States because of the potato famine
(nạn đóikém/sự khan hiếm) in Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century
8. My lecture notes(diễn thuyết) were incomplete because the instructor talked too fast.
9. Because it rained, we stayed home.
10. A tomato is classified(xếp loại) as a fruit, but most people consider it a vegetable because
it is prepared and eaten in the same way as lettuce(rau diếp), onions and other vegetables.
III. Complete the sentences with THOUGH(mặc dầu) or BECAUSE :
1. I put on sunglasses though it was a dark, cloudy day.
2. I put on sunglasses because the sun was bright.
3. Though she has a job, she doesn’t make enough money to support her four chidren.
4. Because she has a job, she is able to pay her rent and provide food her four children.
5. I’m going horseback riding with Judy this afternoon though I’m afraid of horse.
6. Though Tom didn’t know how to dance, he wanted to go the school dance because he felt lonely sitting and staring blankly at the TV while all of his friends were having fun together.
IV- BECAUSE + CLAUSE / SENTENCE / BECAUSE OF + NOUN / PHRASE
1. He is bad at English because he is very lazy.
- He is bad at English because of his laziness.
2. He didn’t come to class because he was ill.
- He didn’t come to class because of his illness.
3. Everyone likes and admires her because of her intelligence.
- Everyone likes and admires her because she is intelligent.
4. The flight 202 was delayed because the weather was bad.
- The flight 202 was delayed because of the bad weather.
5. He decided to accept the job because the salary was high.
- He decided to accept the job because of the high salary.
6. I didn’t come on time because it rained heavily.
- I didn’t come on time because of the heavy rain.
7. She smiles because she is very happy.
- She smiles because of her happiness.
8. They can’t miss the meeting because it is very important.
- They can’t miss the meeting because of its importance.
9. I was late for the meeting because the traffic was heavy.
- I was late for the meeting because of the heavy traffic.
10. My grandmother can’t work hard because she is very old.
- My grandmother can’t work hard because of her old age.
11. He likes her because she’s very beautiful and attractive.
- He likes her because of her beauty and atraction.
12. He didn’t go to school because he was very poor.
- He didn’t go to school because of his poorness.
13. He broke the glass because he was careless.
- He broke the glass because of his carelessness.
14. He left school because his life was hard.
- He left school because of his hard life.
15. My little brother can’t chew well because of his toothache.
- My little brother can’t chew well because he has a toothache.
16. I can’t play basketball because of my height.
- I can’t play basketball because I'm heavy.
17. We can’t swim in this part of the river because of highly polluted water.
- We can’t swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
18. We spent the whole day in the garden because of lovely weather.
- We spent the whole day in the garden because the weather was lovely.
19. Two cars can’t pass each other because of the narrow road.
- Two cars can’t pass each other because the road is narrow.
20. Nobody can do this test because of its difficulty.
- Nobody can do this test because it's difficult.
Combine these pairs of sentences using "too...to"
1) The bag was very heavy. She couldn't carry it.
- The bag was too heavy for her to carry.
2) He is very old. He can't run.
-.He is too old to run.
3) She is very young. she can't go to school.
-She is too young to go to school.
4) Tom is very short. He can't play volleyball.
-Tom is too short to play volleyball.
5) It's very late. We can't go to the movies.
- It's too late for us to go to the movies.
6) The question was very hard. We couldn't answer it.
-The question was too hard for us to answer
7) The TV programme is very exciting. The children won't miss it.
-The TV programme is too exciting for the children to miss
8) You're very young. You can't drive that car.
-You're too young to drive that car.
9) She was tired. She didn't go anyehere.
-She was too tired to go anywhere.
10) These shoes are very small. I can't wear them.
-.These shoes are too small for me to wear
