cho các số thực dương a,b,c chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}+\frac{bc}{b+c+2a}+\frac{ca}{c+a+2b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
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Với x,y>0 ta cm: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
=>\(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
ÁP dụng vào bài toán ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}=\frac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\)
tương tự: \(\frac{4bc}{b+c+2a}\le\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c};\frac{4ca}{c+a+2b}\le\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b}\)
Cộng 3 bđt trên vế theo vế ta dc \(4\left(\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}+\frac{bc}{b+c+2a}+\frac{ca}{c+a+2b}\right)\le\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}+\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}=c+a+b\)
=>đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\cdot\frac{b+c}{4bc}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}\cdot\frac{c+a}{4ca}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\cdot\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Mà\(\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)nên:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
hay\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
Bất đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
bài 2 thì bạn áp dụng bdt cô si với lựa chọn điểm rơi hoặc bdt holder ( nó giống kiểu bunhia ngược ) . bai 1 thi ap dung cai nay \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}>=\frac{1}{x+y}\) câu 1 khó hơn nhưng bạn biết lựa chọn điểm rơi với áp dụng bdt phụ kia là ok .
Bài 1:Đặt VT=A
Dùng BĐT \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)x,y,z>0\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán trên với x=a+c;y=b+a;z=2b ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
Tương tự với 2 cái còn lại
\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc+ac}{a+b}+\frac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}\right)+\frac{1}{18}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{1}{18}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{6}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Biến đổi BPT \(4\left(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\right)\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dự đoán điểm rơi xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự suy ra
\(VT\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-3}{4}\ge\frac{2\cdot3\sqrt{abc}-3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Bài làm:
Ta xét: \(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}.\frac{b+c}{4bc}}=2.\frac{1}{2a}=\frac{1}{a}\)
Tương tự ta chứng minh được: \(\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{1}{b}\)và \(\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b+c}{bc}+\frac{c+a}{ca}+\frac{a+b}{ab}\right)\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c\)
Dạ nếu em làm còn nhầm lẫn chỗ nào thì mong mn thông cảm ạ!
Ở đoạn tương tự mình viết nhầm phải là: \(\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}\ge\frac{1}{b}\) và \(\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge\frac{1}{c}\)nhé!
Học tốt!!!!
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
BĐT tương đương : \(\frac{a\left(a+c+b-3b\right)}{1+ab}+\frac{b\left(b+a+c-3c\right)}{a+bc}+\frac{c\left(c+b+a-3a\right)}{1+ca}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3a\left(1-b\right)}{1+ab}+\frac{3b\left(1-c\right)}{1+bc}+\frac{3c\left(1-a\right)}{1+ca}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(1-b\right)}{1+ab}+\frac{b\left(1-c\right)}{1+bc}+\frac{c\left(1-a\right)}{1+ca}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(1-b\right)}{1+ab}+1+\frac{b\left(1-c\right)}{1+bc}+1+\frac{c\left(1-a\right)}{1+ca}\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+1}{1+ab}+\frac{b+1}{1+bc}+\frac{c+1}{1+ca}\ge3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta có: \(\frac{a+1}{1+ab}+\frac{b+1}{1+bc}+\frac{c+1}{1+ca}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a+1}{1+ab}\cdot\frac{b+1}{1+bc}\cdot\frac{c+1}{1+ca}}\)
Ta phải chứng minh: \(\sqrt[3]{\frac{a+1}{1+ab}\cdot\frac{b+1}{1+bc}\cdot\frac{c+1}{1+ca}}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+bc\right)\left(1+ca\right)\)
Thật vậy \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+bc\right)\left(1+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1\ge a^2b^2c^2+abc\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\ge a^2b^2c^2+2abc\) (*)
Từ a+b+c=3 => \(3\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\)
=> (*) đúng
Vậy \(\frac{a\left(a+c-2b\right)}{1+ab}+\frac{b\left(b+a-2c\right)}{1+bc}+\frac{c\left(c+b-2a\right)}{1+ca}\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+2b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b+2c\right)^2}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{4\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{4\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Giờ ta cần chứng minh
\(\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{9}{16\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3abc\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{8}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Vậy ta có ĐPCM
\(\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Làm tương tự với 2 phân thức còn lại rồi cộng vào ra đpcm