Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+1}\le\frac{3}{2}với\forall x\in R\)
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Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 2 số không âm :
\(x^2+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt[2]{\frac{x^2}{x}}=2.\sqrt{x}\)
\(y^2+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt[2]{\frac{y^2}{y}}=2.\sqrt{y}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được :
\(x^2+y^2+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge2.\sqrt{x}+2.\sqrt{y}=2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng mình
Ta đi chứng minh:\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)* đúng *
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}=\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b^3+c^3+abc}\le\frac{a}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)};\frac{1}{c^3+a^3+abc}\le\frac{b}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\le\frac{a+b+c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
Vì a;b;c > 0 nên theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}\le\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\le\frac{\frac{a+b}{2}}{2}=\frac{a+b}{4}\) (1)
\(\frac{bc}{b+c}\le\frac{bc}{2\sqrt{bc}}=\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\le\frac{\frac{b+c}{2}}{2}=\frac{b+c}{4}\) (2)
\(\frac{ac}{a+c}\le\frac{ac}{2\sqrt{ac}}=\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{2}\le\frac{\frac{a+c}{2}}{2}=\frac{a+c}{4}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế của (1) ; (2) ; (3) lại ta được :
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ac}{a+c}\le\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Bài 3:
a,Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}-\frac{1}{64}\)
A = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{2^5}-\frac{1}{2^6}\)
2A = \(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1}{2^5}\)
2A + A = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1}{2^5}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{2^5}-\frac{1}{2^6}\right)\)
3A = \(1-\frac{1}{2^6}\)
=> 3A < 1
=> A < \(\frac{1}{3}\)(đpcm)
b, Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
3A = \(1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
3A + A = \(\left(1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
4A = \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=> 4A < \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\) (1)
Đặt B = \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
3B = \(3-1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
3B + B = \(\left(3-1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
4B = \(3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=> 4B < 3
=> B < \(\frac{3}{4}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra 4A < B < \(\frac{3}{4}\)=> A < \(\frac{3}{16}\)(đpcm)
a)ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(A=\frac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{x+2\sqrt{x}-3}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{1-\sqrt{x}}-\frac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
\(=\frac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\frac{\left(3\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}-\frac{\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{15\sqrt{x}-11-\left(3x+9\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-6\right)-\left(2x-2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{15\sqrt{x}-11-3x-7\sqrt{x}+6-2x-\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-5x+7\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-5x+5\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-5\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(-5\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-5\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
Ta có: \(A-\frac{2}{3}=\frac{-5\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}+3}-\frac{2}{3}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(-5\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}-\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-15\sqrt{x}+6-2\sqrt{x}-6}{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-17\sqrt{x}}{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-17\sqrt{x}-51+51}{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-17}{3}+\frac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{x}+3\ge3\forall x\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
\(\Rightarrow\frac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}\le\frac{17}{3}\forall x\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
\(\Rightarrow\frac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}-\frac{17}{3}\le\frac{17}{3}-\frac{17}{3}=0\forall x\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
\(\Rightarrow A-\frac{2}{3}\le0\forall x\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
nên \(A\le\frac{2}{3}\)(đpcm)
c) Ta có: \(C=\left(\frac{a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\sqrt{ab}\right):\left(a-b\right)+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\sqrt{ab}\right):\left(a-b\right)+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{a-2\sqrt{ab}+b}{a-b}+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}=1\)
Vậy: Giá trị của C không phụ thuộc vào a,b(đpcm)
ta sẽ chứng minh với mọi x,y luôn có \(\frac{x+y}{2}\cdot\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}\le\frac{x^4+y^4}{2}\)(*)
thật vậy, (*) tương đương với \(\left(x+y\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)\le2\left(x^4+y^4\right)\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le x^4+y^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]\ge0\), luôn đúng
khi đó áp dụng (*) ta được
\(\frac{a+b}{2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\cdot\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}=\left[\frac{a+b}{2}\cdot\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\right]\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\le\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\le\frac{a^6+b^6}{2}\)(đpcm)
dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b