Tìm các giá trị nguyên x,y thoả mãn đẳng thức \(\left(y+2\right)x^2+1=y^2\)
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\(\left(y-2\right)x^2+1=y^2\Leftrightarrow\left(y-2\right)x^2=\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
- \(y=2\)không thỏa.
- \(y\ne2\): \(x^2=\frac{\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)}{y-2}\)
Nếu \(y=1\Rightarrow x=0\).
Nếu \(y\ne1\)suy ra \(\left(y-1,y-2\right)=1\Rightarrow\left(y+1\right)⋮\left(y-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3⋮\left(y-2\right)\Rightarrow y-2\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3,-1,1,3\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow y\in\left\{-1,3,5\right\}\)(do \(y\ne1\))
Ta chỉ có cặp \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0,-1\right)\right\}\)thỏa.
2x2 + 2y2 + 3xy - x + y + 1 = 0
2x2 + 2y2 + 4xy - xy - x + y + 1 = 0
(2x2 + 2y2 + 4xy) + (-xy - x) + (y + 1) = 0
2(x + y)2 - x(y + 1) + (y + 1) = 0
2(x + y)2 + (y + 1)(1 - x) = 0
Do (x + y)2 \(\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) 2(x + y)2 \(\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) 2(x + y)2 + (y + 1)(1 - x) = 0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) (y + 1)(1 - x) = 0
\(\Rightarrow y+1=0;1-x=0\)
*) y + 1 = 0
y = -1
*) 1 - x = 0
x = 1
Với x = 1; y = -1, ta có:
B = [1 + (-1)]2018 + (1 - 2)2018 + (-1 - 1)2018
= 1 + 22018
`{((a-1)x+y=a),(x+(a-1)y=2):}`
`<=>{(ax-x+y=a),(x+ay-y=2):}`
`<=>{(a(x-1)=x-y<=>a=[x-y]/[x-1]),(x+[x-y]/[x-1]-y=2):}`
`<=>x(x-1)+x-y-y(x-1)=2(x-1)`
`<=>x^2-x+x-y-xy+y=2x-2`
`<=>x^2-xy-2x+2=0`
_________________________________________
`b)x^2-xy-2x+2=0`
`<=>xy=x^2-2x+2`
`<=>y=x-2+2/x`
Thay `y=x-2+2/x` vào `6x^2-17y=7` có:
`6x^2-17(x-2+2/x)=7`
`<=>6x^3-17x^2+34x-34-7x=0`
`<=>6x^3-12x^2-5x^2+10x+17x-34=0`
`<=>(x-2)(6x^2-5x+17)=0`
Mà `6x^2-5x+17 > 0`
`=>x-2=0<=>x=2`
`=>y=2-2+2/2=1`
Thay `x=2;y=1` vào `(a-1)x+y=a` có: `(a-1).2+1=a<=>a=1`
\(5x^2+5y^2+8xy-2x+2y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0,\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0,\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x-1=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(x+y\right)^{2018}+\left(x-2\right)^{2019}+\left(y+1\right)^{2020}=\left(1-1\right)^{2018}+\left(1-2\right)^{2019}+\left(-1+1\right)^{2020}=-1\)
Theo bđt Cauchy schwarz dạng Engel
\(P\ge\frac{\left(2x+2y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{1+1}=\frac{\left[2\left(x+y\right)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right]^2}{2}\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)(bđt phụ)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left[2.1+4\right]^2}{2}=\frac{36}{2}=18\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(2y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{x}+2y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2x+2y+\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)^2=18\)
\(P_{min}=18\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(3x^2+3y^2+4xy+2x-2y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1+y^2-2y+1+2x^2+4xy+2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)^2=0\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(2\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Do đó: \(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y-1=0\\x+y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\\-1+1=0\left(đúng\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay x=-1 và y=1 vào biểu thức \(M=\left(x+y\right)^{2016}+\left(x+2\right)^{2017}+\left(y-1\right)^{2018}\), ta được:
\(M=\left(-1+1\right)^{2016}+\left(-1+2\right)^{2017}+\left(1-1\right)^{2018}\)
\(=0^{2016}+1^{2017}+0^{2018}=1\)
Vậy: M=1
\(\left(y+2\right)x^2+1=y^2\Leftrightarrow x^2y+2x^2+1-y^2=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2y+2x^2+4-y^2-3=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(y+2\right)-\left(y^2-4\right)=3\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(y+2\right)-\left(y+2\right)\left(y-2\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+2\right)\left(x^2-y+2\right)=3\)
Ta có bảng:
Vậy ta tìm được cặp (x ; y) = (0 ; 1) và (0; -1).
\(PT\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(y+2\right)+4-y^2=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+2\right)\left(x^2+2-x\right)=3\)
+, Trường hợp: \(\hept{\begin{cases}y+2=3\\x^2+2-x=1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
+, Trường hợp: \(\hept{\begin{cases}y+2=1\\x^2+2-x=3\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=-1\end{cases}}\)