Cho 15,6g hỗn hợp Mg và Al tác dụng vừa đủ 3200ml dung dịch HCl 0,5M. Tính thành phần % từng kim loại
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Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a--------------->a------>1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--------------->b---->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=0,6\\133,5a+95b=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl3\\MgCl2\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)
2Al + 3HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 0,3 0,3
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,3 0,6 0,3
=> mHCl dùng = 0,9 . 36,5 = 32,85 (g)
=> mH2 = 0,6 . 2 = 1,2 (g)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
=> mX = 55,2 + 1,2 - 32,85 = 23,55 (g)
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=1,2\left(bt-e\right)\\133,5x+95y=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}=42,85\%\\\%mMg=100\%-42,85\%=57,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 0,78 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a---------------------->a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---------------------->1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 0,04 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,01 (mol); b = 0,02 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,01.24}{0,78}.100\%=30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,02.27}{0,78}.100\%=69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, CuO là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 80b = 14 (1)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{255,5.10\%}{36,5}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a--->2a--------->a------>a
CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O
b------>2b----->b
=> 2a + 2b = 0,7 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{14}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1.80}{14}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
mdd sau pư = 14 + 255,5 - 0,25.2 = 269 (g)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{269}.100\%=8,829\%\)
\(C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.135}{269}.100\%=5,019\%\)
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, 24nMg + 27nAl = 6,12 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,12.24}{6,12}.100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,08.1=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT H và O, có: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ nO (trong oxit) = nH2O = 0,04 (mol)
Có: mhh = mFe + mO
⇒ mFe = 2,32 - 0,04.16 = 1,68 (g)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8\left(l\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 10,4 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,5}=1,2\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=3,2.0,5=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,4
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,4 1,2
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{15,6}.100\%\approx30,77\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{15,6}.100\%\approx69,23\%\)
Ủa em cơ sở nào em biết được số mol Mg, Al thế?