Cho S=\(\frac{1}{1.2}\)+\(\frac{1}{1.2+2.3}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n.\left(n+1\right)}\)
Chứng minh S<\(\frac{3}{4}\)
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Ta có: A = 1/1.2 + 1/2.3 + 1/3.4 + ... + 1/n(n+1)
A= 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 + ..... +1/n - 1/(n+1)
A= 1 - 1/(n+1)
A= (n+1)/(n+1) - 1/(n+1)
A= n/(n+1)
Mà n và n+1 là 2 số tự nhiên liên tiếp => n và n+1 nguyên tố cùng nhau
=> n không chia hết cho n+1
=> A không phải là một số nguyên.
\(A=-\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}-...-\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(=-\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1.n}\right)\)
\(=-\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(=-\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{n-1}{n}\)
\(A=-\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}-...-\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(A=-\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\right)\)
\(A=-\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)}-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=-\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
Ta có :
\(A=\frac{1.2-1}{2!}+\frac{2.3-1}{3!}+...+\frac{\left(n-1\right)n-1}{n!}\)
\(=\frac{1.2}{2!}-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2.3}{3!}-\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{3.4}{4!}-\frac{1}{4!}+...+\frac{\left(n-1\right)n}{n!}-\frac{1}{n!}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2!}+1-\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{2!}-\frac{1}{4}!+\frac{1}{3!}-\frac{1}{5!}+\frac{1}{4!}-...+\frac{1}{\left(n-2\right)!}-\frac{1}{n!}\)
\(=2-\frac{1}{n!}< 2\)
Vậy ...
Ta có : 1/ 1.2 + 1/ 2.3 + 1/ 3.4 + ... + 1/ n.( n + 1 ) .
= 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 + ..... + 1/n - 1/ n+1 .
= 1 - 1/ n + 1 .
= n+1 / n+1 - 1/ n+1 .
= n/ n+1 .
Đáp sô : n/ n+1
- Với \(n=1\Rightarrow1.2=\frac{1.2.3}{3}\) (đúng)
- Giả sử đúng với \(n=k\) hay \(1.2+...+k\left(k+1\right)=\frac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{3}\)
Ta cần chứng minh nó đúng với \(n=k+1\) hay:
\(1.2+...+k\left(k+1\right)+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)=\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{3}\)
Thật vậy:
\(1.2+...+k\left(k+1\right)+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)
\(=\frac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{3}+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)
\(=\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left[\frac{k}{3}+1\right]=\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{3}\) (đpcm)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1.2}=\frac{3}{1.2.3}\) ;\(\frac{1}{1.2+2.3}=\frac{3}{2.3.4}\); \(\frac{1}{2.3+3.4}=\frac{3}{3.4.5}\); ......;\(\frac{1}{1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{3}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=> \(S=\frac{3}{1.2.3}+\frac{3}{2.3.4}+\frac{3}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{3}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=> \(\frac{2S}{3}=\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Ta lại có: \(\frac{2}{1.2.3}=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}\); \(\frac{2}{2.3.4}=\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}\); \(\frac{2}{3.4.5}=\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}\);....;\(\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=> \(\frac{2S}{3}=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=> \(\frac{2S}{3}=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)=> \(S=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{3}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}< \frac{3}{4}\)
=> \(S< \frac{3}{4}\)
Mình nhầm 1 chỗ: \(\frac{1}{1.2+2.3+3.4}=\frac{3}{3.4.5}\)