Cho \(A=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{2}{3^3}+....+\dfrac{2}{3^{2023}}\) . Chứng mình rằng \(A< 1\)
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A = \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2022}-\dfrac{1}{2023}\)
= \(1-\dfrac{1}{2023}\)
= \(\dfrac{2022}{2023}\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99^2}+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
\(< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{98.99}+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{98.99}+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{98}-\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{99}{100}\) \(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{99}{100}\)
\(1-\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}-...-\dfrac{1}{100^2}=1-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\right)=1-A>\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{2}{3^3}+....+\dfrac{2}{3^{2023}}\)
\(3A=2+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{3^2}+....+\dfrac{2}{3^{2022}}\)
\(3A-A=\left(2+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{2}{3^{2022}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{3^2}+....+\dfrac{2}{3^{2023}}\right)\)
\(2A=2-\dfrac{2}{3^{2023}}\)
\(A=\left(2-\dfrac{2}{3^{2023}}\right)\times\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=2\times\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{2}{3^{2023}}\times\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{3^{2023}}\)
=> \(A< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)