Cho \(x,y,z\) là 3 số thực dương thỏa mãn \(x^2+y^2+z^2=2\). Chứng minh: \(\dfrac{2}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{2}{y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{2}{z^2+x^2}\le\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}+3\)
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/\(2020\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)ápdụngBDT\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+z^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{9}{2\cdot2020}\)
\(ápdụngBĐTcosi\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xyz\)
\(\)=> VP\(\ge\) 9/2
Lời giải:Vì $x^2+y^2+z^2=2$ nên:
$P=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{z^2+x^2}-\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}$
$=3+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{z^2}{x^2+y^2}-\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}$
$\leq 3+\frac{x^2}{2yz}+\frac{y^2}{2xz}+\frac{z^2}{2xy}-\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}$
(theo BĐT AM-GM)
$=3+\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}-\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}=3$
Vậy $P_{\max}=3$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}$
\(VT\le\dfrac{x}{2x+2y+2}+\dfrac{y}{2yz+2z+2}+\dfrac{z}{2z+2x+2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{x}{x+y+1}+\dfrac{y}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{z}{z+x+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+1}{x+y+1}+\dfrac{z+1}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{x+1}{z+x+1}\ge2\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+x+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{\left(y+1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)^2}{\left(z+1\right)\left(y+z+1\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\left(x+y+z\right)+xy+yz+zx+3}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{6\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+12}{3\left(x+y+z\right)+xy+yz+zx+6}=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
đặt\(A=\dfrac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\dfrac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\dfrac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\)
\(=>A=\dfrac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\)
BBDT AM-GM
\(=>A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
theo BDT AM -GM ta chứng minh được \(xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
vì \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(y^2+z^2\ge2yz\)
\(x^2+z^2\ge2xz\)
\(=>2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)< =>xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(=>2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(=>A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}}{10}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=z=1/3
Áp dụng BĐT cô si với ba số không âm ta có :
=> (1)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi x = 1
CM tương tự ra có " (2) ; (3)
Dấu ''= '' xảy ra khi y = 1 ; z = 1
Từ (1) (2) và (3) =>
BĐT được chứng minh
Dấu '' = '' của bất đẳng thức xảy ra khi x =y =z = 1
:()
Ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x+y}\cdot\dfrac{z}{x+z}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z}+\dfrac{z+x}{z+x}}{2}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{\sqrt{2017}}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(x,y,z>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Caushy cho 3 số ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3xyz\ge3.1=3\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3-1}{x^2+y+z}+\dfrac{y^3-1}{x+y^2+z}+\dfrac{z^3-1}{x+y+z^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z^2\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Caushy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}=0\)
\(P=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=0\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x^2+y^2}=1+\dfrac{z^2}{x^2+y^2}\le1+\dfrac{z^2}{2xy}\)(bđt cosi)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{2}{y^2+z^2}\le1+\dfrac{x^2}{2yz}\); \(\dfrac{2}{z^2+x^2}\le1+\dfrac{y^2}{2xz}\)
=> \(\dfrac{2}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{2}{y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{2}{z^2+x^2}\le3+\dfrac{z^2}{2xy}+\dfrac{x^2}{2yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{2xz}=3+\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}\) (Đpcm)
Ta có: 2x2+y2=x2+y2+z2x2+y2=1+z2x2+y2≤1+z22xy2x2+y2=x2+y2+z2x2+y2=1+z2x2+y2≤1+z22xy(bđt cosi)
CMTT: 2y2+z2≤1+x22yz2y2+z2≤1+x22yz; 2z2+x2≤1+y22xz2z2+x2≤1+y22xz
=> 2x2+y2+2y2+z2+2z2+x2≤3+z22xy+x22yz+y22xz=3+x3+y3+z32xyz2x2+y2+2y2+z2+2z2+x2≤3+z22xy+x22yz+y22xz=3+x3+y3+z32xyz ( Đpcm )