Cho các số thực dương x,y. Chứng minh:
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge x+y\)
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\(\frac{x^2}{y}+y\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y}.y}=2x\)
\(\frac{y^2}{x}+x\ge2x\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}+x+y\ge2x+2x\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge x+y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y
Với mọi số thực ta luôn có:
`(x-y)^2>=0`
`<=>x^2-2xy+y^2>=0`
`<=>x^2+y^2>=2xy`
`<=>(x+y)^2>=4xy`
`<=>(x+y)^2>=16`
`<=>x+y>=4(đpcm)`
\(\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{y+3}=\dfrac{x+3+y+3}{\left(x+3\right)\left(y+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+6}{3x+3y+13}\)(vì \(xy=4\))
=> \(\dfrac{x+y+6}{3x+3y+13}\)≤\(\dfrac{2}{5}\)
<=> \(5\left(x+y+6\right)\)≤\(2\left(3x+3y+13\right)\)
<=>\(6x+6y+26-5x-5y-30\)≥\(0\)
<=> \(x+y-4\)≥\(0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)≥\(\sqrt{ab}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\)≥\(\sqrt{xy}\)
<=>\(x+y\) ≥ 2\(\sqrt{xy}\)
=>2\(\sqrt{xy}-4\)≥\(0\)
<=> \(4-4\)≥0
<=>0≥0 ( Luôn đúng )
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{y+3}\)≤\(\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Sigma\frac{x^3}{y^2}=\Sigma\frac{x}{y^2}\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{\Sigma z\left(x^3-yz^2\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\Sigma\frac{x^2}{y}\ge\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\)
\(taco:\)
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}.\frac{y}{2}.\frac{y+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}.\frac{z}{2}.\frac{z+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(dpcm\right)\)
^^
Mình giải lại bài này cho đầy đủ hơn nhé: (nãy chỉ là hướng dẫn thôi)
Ta sẽ c/m: \(\frac{1}{x^2+x}\ge-\frac{3}{4}x+\frac{5}{4}\) (1).Thật vậy,xét hiệu hai vế,ta có:
\(VT-VP=\frac{\left(3x+4\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}{4\left(x^2+x\right)}\ge0\)
Suy ra \(VT\ge VP\).Vậy (1) đúng.
Thiết lập hai BĐT còn lại tương tự và cộng theo vế,ta có:
\(VT\ge-\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{5}{4}.3=\frac{3}{2}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
ta có \(\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{x^2+x}{4}>=2\cdot\sqrt{\frac{1\cdot\left(x^2+x\right)}{\left(x^2+x\right)\cdot4}}=1\)
tương tự => \(\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{y^2+y}{4}>=1;\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{z^2+z}{4}>=1\)
=> VT >= 3-(\(\frac{x^2+x}{4}+\frac{y^2+y}{4}+\frac{z^2+z}{4}\))=3-\(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+3}{4}\)
mà \(\frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{z^2}{4}>=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4+4+4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=> P>= 3-3/4-3/4=3/2
Dấu bằng khi x=y=z=1
Bài bạn Lương Ngọc Anh bị ngược dấu nên sai hoàn toàn. Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x^2+x}=\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\)
Tương tự, ta được:
\(VT=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(3+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Do đó:
\(VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{4}\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}=3\left(2\right)\)
TỪ (1) VÀ (2) TA CÓ ĐIỀU PHẢI CHỨNG MINH.
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-xy}{y^2}+\frac{y^2-xy}{x^2}\)
\(=\frac{x^4-x^3y+y^4-xy^3}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\frac{x^3\left(x-y\right)-y^3\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{x^2y^2}\)
\(x^4y+x^2y-x^2y=x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y.\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}=x^2y-\frac{x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}\\\frac{y^2z\left(y^2+1\right)-y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}=y^2z-\frac{y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}\\\frac{z^2x\left(z^2+1\right)-z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}=z^2x-\frac{z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}\end{cases}}Vt\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2z}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2x}{z^2+1}\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1\ge2x\\y^2+1\ge2y\\z^2+1\ge2z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}\ge\frac{x^2y}{2x}=\frac{xy}{2}\\\frac{y^2z}{2y}=\frac{yz}{2}\\\frac{z^2x}{2z}=\frac{xz}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)}\)
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2}\)
t chỉ làm dc đến đây thôi :))
Từ \(VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)\)ta có:
\(x^2y+x^2y+y^2z=x^2y+x^2y+\frac{y}{x}\ge3xy\)(áp dụng BĐT Cauchy)
Tương tự : \(y^2z+y^2z+z^2x\ge3yz\); \(z^2x+z^2x+x^2y\ge3zx\)
Cộng vế theo vế suy ra : \(3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Áp dụng bất đẳn thức Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=\)\(\left[\frac{a^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2}+\frac{b^2}{\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2}+\frac{c^2}{\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^2}\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^2\right]\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{x}}.\sqrt{x}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{y}}.\sqrt{y}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{z}}.\sqrt{z}\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{z}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{z}\left(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)=\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{16}{\left(z+x+y\right)^2}\ge16\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x+y}=x+y\)