cho a,b,c >0 thỏa mãn \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\) chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{a}{ab+3}+\dfrac{b}{bc+3}+\dfrac{c}{ca+3}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
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Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+a^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\\3+b^2\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\3+c^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\\\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}\le\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\\\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{3+c^2}}\le\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+b}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (2)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (3)
Từ (1) , (2) , (3)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
nhầm mọi người ơi chứng minh cho mình <=\(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Lời giải:
Bạn nhớ tới bổ đề sau: Với $a,b>0$ thì $a^3+b^3\geq ab(a+b)$.
Áp dụng vào bài:
$5a^3-b^3\leq 5a^3-[ab(a+b)-a^3]=6a^3-ab(a+b)$
$\Rightarrow \frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}\leq \frac{6a^3-ab(a+b)}{ab+3a^2}=\frac{6a^2-ab-b^2}{3a+b}=\frac{(3a+b)(2a-b)}{3a+b}=2a-b$
Tương tự:
$\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}\leq 2b-c; \frac{5c^3-a^3}{ca+3c^2}\leq 2c-a$
Cộng theo vế:
$\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq a+b+c=3$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$