Hòa tan hoàn toàn 32gam SO3 vào 200gam dung dịch H2SO4 có nồng độ 10%. Tính C% của dung dịch thu được.
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\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\cdot10\%=20\left(g\right)\)
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(0.4.....................0.4\)
\(m_{dd}=32+200=232\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{0.4\cdot98+20}{232}\cdot100\%=25.57\%\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4
0,1------------->0,1
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=242.10\%=24,2\left(g\right)\)
mH2SO4(sau pư) = 24,2 + 0,1.98 = 34 (g)
mdd sau pư = 8 + 242 = 250 (g)
\(C\%_{dd.H_2SO_4.sau.pư}=\dfrac{34}{250}.100\%=13,6\%\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\)\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{25}\cdot100=117,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,3\cdot18=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot400=40\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsau}=16+117,6-5,4=128,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{40}{128,2}\cdot100\%=31,2\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=3.n_{H_2SO_4}=3.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29,4}{m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}}.100\%=25\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=117,6\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=117,6+16=133,6\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.400=40\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}\dfrac{40}{133,6}.100\%=29,94\%\)
a) PTHH: \(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot98}{20\%}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{147}{1,14}\approx128,95\left(ml\right)\)
b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{FeSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,3\cdot56=16,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot24,76=7,428\left(l\right)\\m_{FeSO_4}=0,3\cdot152=45,6\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=163,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{45,6}{163,2}\cdot100\%\approx27,94\%\)
\(a,C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6M\\ b,n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{24}{40}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,4}=1,5M\)
\(a,C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{28}{140}.100\%=20\%\\ b,C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{80}{80+320}.100\%=20\%\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{SO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\cdot98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\text{ trong dd 10%}}=\dfrac{200\cdot10}{100}=20\left(g\right)\)
\(\sum m_{H_2SO_4}=20+39,2=59,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{ dd H2SO4 10%}}=200+39,2=239,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{\text{ dd mới}}=\dfrac{59,2}{239,2}\cdot100\%\approx24,75\%\)
Hiện tượng: SO3 được đưa vào dd H2SO4, SO3 tác dụng với H2O trong dd tạo ra sản phẩm là H2SO4.