Cho a,b,c khác 0 và thỏa mãn: \(\frac{2ab+1}{2b}=\frac{2bc+1}{c}=\frac{ac+1}{a}\). CMR: a=2b=c hoặc \(4a^2b^2c^2=1\)
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Đáp án:
Cho a,b,c thỏa mãn:
2ab(2b-a)-2ac(c-2a)-2bc(b-2c)= 7abc
CMR:Tồn tại 1số bằng 2 số kia.
Giải thích các bước giải:
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)với x,y > 0.
Thật vậy: \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)(bđt Cô -si)
và \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)(bđt Cô -si)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\))
Ta có: \(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(2a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b)
Tương tự ta có:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi b=c)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi c=a)
\(VT=\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+b^2}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{2}{3}\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{2}\))
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+ac-ab}{abc}=0\)
Vì \(a,b,c\ne0\Rightarrow abc\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow bc+ac-ab=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(bc+ac\right)^2=\left(ab\right)^2\\\left(bc-ab\right)^2=\left(-ac\right)^2\\\left(ac-ab\right)^2=\left(-bc\right)^2\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b^2c^2+c^2a^2-a^2b^2=-2abc^2\\b^2c^2+a^2b^2-a^2c^2=2ab^2c\\a^2c^2+a^2b^2-b^2c^2=2a^2bc\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{2ab^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{-2abc^2}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{2a^2bc}\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{ac}{2}-\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}=\frac{ac-ab+bc}{2}=\frac{0}{2}=0\)
CHÚC BẠN HỌC TỐT
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+ac-ab}{abc}=0\)
Vì \(a,b,c\ne0\Rightarrow a.b.c\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow bc+ac-ab=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(bc+ac\right)^2=\left(ab\right)^2\\\left(bc-ab\right)^2=\left(-ac\right)^2\\\left(ac-ab\right)^2=\left(-bc\right)^2\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}b^2c^2+c^2a^2-a^2b^2=-abc^2\\b^2c^2+a^2b^2-a^2c^2=2ab^2c\\a^2c^2+a^2b^2-b^2c^2=2a^2bc\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{2ab^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{-2abc^2}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{2a^2bc}\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{ac}{2}-\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}=\frac{ac-ab+bc}{2}=\frac{0}{2}=0\)
Vậy \(E=0\)
Lời giải:
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(\frac{2ab+1}{2b}=\frac{2bc+1}{c}=\frac{ac+1}{a}\Leftrightarrow a+\frac{1}{2b}=2b+\frac{1}{c}=c+\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a-2b=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2b}=\frac{2b-c}{2bc}\\ a-c=\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}=\frac{2b-a}{2ab}\\ 2b-c=\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{c}=\frac{c-a}{ac}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nhân theo vế:
\((a-2b)(a-c)(2b-c)=\frac{(2b-c)(2b-a)(c-a)}{4a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{(2b-c)(a-2b)(a-c)}{4a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-2b)(a-c)(2b-c)\left[1-\frac{1}{4a^2b^2c^2}\right]=0\)
$\Rightarrow (a-2b)(a-c)(2b-c)=0$ hoặc $1-\frac{1}{4a^2b^2c^2}=0$
TH1: $(a-2b)(a-c)(2b-c)=0$\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=2b\\ a=c\\ 2b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
+Nếu $a=2b$ thì $\frac{2b-c}{2bc}=a-2b=0\Rightarrow 2b-c=0\Rightarrow 2b=c$
$\Rightarrow a=2b=c$
+ Nếu $a=c, 2b=c$: hoàn toàn tương tự suy ra $a=2b=c$
TH2: $1-\frac{1}{4a^2b^2c^2}=0\Rightarrow 4a^2b^2c^2=1$
Vậy ta có đpcm.
a, Đặt \(\frac{a}{2}=\frac{b}{3}=\frac{c}{5}=k\)\(\Rightarrow a=2k\); \(b=3k\); \(c=5k\)
Ta có: \(B=\frac{a+7b-2c}{3a+2b-c}=\frac{2k+7.3k-2.5k}{3.2k+2.3k-5k}=\frac{2k+21k-10k}{6k+6k-5k}=\frac{13k}{7k}=\frac{13}{7}\)
b, Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2a-1}=\frac{2}{3b-1}=\frac{3}{4c-1}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a-1}{1}=\frac{3b-1}{2}=\frac{4c-1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{1}=\frac{3\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{2}=\frac{4\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{12}=\frac{3\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{2.12}=\frac{4\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{3.12}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{6}=\frac{\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{8}=\frac{\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{9}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{3\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{18}=\frac{2\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{16}=\frac{\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}}{18}=\frac{2b-\frac{2}{3}}{16}=\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}}{18}=\frac{2b-\frac{2}{3}}{16}=\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}=\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}+2b-\frac{2}{3}-\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{18+16-9}=\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}+2b-\frac{2}{3}-c+\frac{1}{4}}{25}\)
\(=\frac{\left(3a+2b-c\right)-\left(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{25}=\left(4-\frac{23}{12}\right)\div25=\frac{25}{12}\times\frac{1}{25}=\frac{1}{12}\)
Do đó: +) \(\frac{a-\frac{1}{2}}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{6}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow a=1\)
+) \(\frac{b-\frac{1}{3}}{8}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow b-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{8}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow b=1\)
+) \(\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow c-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{9}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow c=1\)
Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel 2 lần :
\(P=\frac{1}{a\left(2b+2c-1\right)}+\frac{1}{b\left(2c+2a-1\right)}+\frac{1}{c\left(2a+2b-1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{a\left(-a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b\left(a-b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c\left(a+b-c\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{a-2a^2}+\frac{1}{b-2b^2}+\frac{1}{c-2c^2}\ge\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)-2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{9}{1-\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{9}{\frac{1}{3}}=27\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)
Cách của bạn sao chỗ cuối lại thế ạ ? Bạn giải hộ mình rõ hơn được không ?