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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{8}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ b,FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=3.n_{AlCl_3}+2.n_{FeCl_2}=3.a+2.b=3.0,2+2.0,1=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{170.0,8}{250}.100=54,4\%\\ b=m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=0,8.143,5=114,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot4=0,8mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(3x\) \(x\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(2y\) \(y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=11,9\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11,9}\cdot100\%=45,38\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-45,38\%=54,62\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,2+0,1=0,4mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22.4=8,96l\)
Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)
Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)
Xét thương:
\(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=35.2-0.2\cdot56=24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{11.2}{35.2}\cdot100\%=31.82\%\)
\(\%CuO=100-31.82=68.18\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.2+0.3=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.5\cdot98=49\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{49}{800}\cdot100\%=6.125\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.2\cdot152=30.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0.3\cdot160=48\left(g\right)\)
R2O3+6HCl->2RCl3+3H2O
nHCl=0.3(mol)
->nR=0.05(mol)->MR2O3=8:0.05=160(g/mol)
->MR=(160-16*3):2=56(g/mol)->M là Fe
Bài 2
nH2=0.3(mol)
2X+2nHCl->2XCln+nH2(n là hóa trị của kim loại)
nX=0.6:n
+) n=1->MX=9(g/mol)->loại
+)n=2->MX=18(g/mol)->loại
+)n=3->MX=27(g/mol)->X là Al
Bài cuối bạn viết phương trình,chỉ phương trình Al+H2SO4 mới tạo khí thôi,vậy bạn tính được khối lượng nhôm,từ đó tính ra khối lượng nhôm oxit nhé,vì đang vội nên mình không giải giúp bạn được
Bài 3
nH2 = \(\frac{13,44}{22,4}\) = 0,6 mol
2Al + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 \(\uparrow\) (1)
0,4 <---- 0,6 <-------- 0,2 <------ 0,6 (mol)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (2)
a) %mAl = \(\frac{0,4.27}{31,2}\) . 100% = 34,62%
%mAl2O3 = 65,38%
b) nAl2O3 = \(\frac{31,2-0,4.27}{102}\) = 0,2 (mol) = nAl2(SO4)3
Theo pt(2) nH2SO4 = 3nAl2O3 = 0,6 (mol)
m dd H2SO4 = \(\frac{\left(0,6+0,6\right)98}{20\%}\) = 588(g)
c) m dd spư = 31,2 + 588 - 0,6 . 2 = 618 (g)
C%(Al2(SO4)3) = \(\frac{\left(0,2+0,2\right)342}{618}\) . 100% = 22,14%
\(a,\) Đặt \(n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow 27x+56y=11(1)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ Al_2(SO_4)_3+6NaOH\to 2Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3Na_2SO_4\\ FeSO_4+2NaOH\to Fe(OH)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al(OH)_3}=x;n_{Fe(OH)_2}=y\\ \Rightarrow 78x+90y=24,6(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,2(mol)\\ y=0,1(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ m_{Fe}=11-5,4=5,6(g) \end{cases}\)
\(b,\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=1,5x+y=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2(l)\\ c,\Sigma n_{NaOH}=3x+2y=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,8.40}{10\%}=320(g)\\ d,2Al(OH)_3\xrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\\ Fe(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}FeO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1(mol);n_{FeO}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\text{chất rắn}}=0,1.102+0,1.72=17,4(g)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,464}{22,4}=0,11mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow Muối\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\\FeSO_4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BTe:3x+2y=2n_{H_2}=0,22\\\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot342+y\cdot152=14,44\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04mol\\y=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,04\cdot27=1,08g\\m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3BaSO_4\downarrow\)
0,02 0,06
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+FeCl_2\)
0,05 0,05
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{\downarrow}=0,06+0,05=0,11\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=x=25,63g\)