Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a) ( 2x - 1)2 - ( x + 3)2
b) x2 . (x - 3) + 12 - 4x
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h) \(y\left(y-x\right)^3-x\left(x-y\right)^2+xy\left(x-y\right)=y\left(y-x\right)^3-x\left(y-x\right)^2-xy\left(y-x\right)=\left(y-x\right)\left[y\left(y-x\right)^2-x-xy\right]=\left(y-x\right)\left[y\left(y^2-2xy+x^2\right)-x-xy\right]=\left(y-x\right)\left(y^3-2xy^2+x^2y-x-xy\right)\)
i) \(10x^2\left(a-2b\right)^2-\left(x^2+2\right)\left(2b-a\right)^2=10x^2\left(a-2b\right)^2-\left(x^2+2\right)\left(a-2b\right)^2=\left(a-2b\right)^2\left(10x^2-x^2-2\right)=\left(a-2b\right)^2\left(9x^2-2\right)\)
1/ \(x^2+x-90=\left(x^2-10x\right)+\left(9x-90\right)=x\left(x-10\right)+9\left(x-10\right)=\left(x-10\right)\left(x+9\right)\)
2/ \(2x^2+4xy+2y^2=\left(2x^2+2xy\right)+\left(2xy+2y^2\right)=2x\left(x+y\right)+2y\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(2x+2y\right)\)
3/ \(2y^2-14y+24=2\left(y^2-7y+12\right)=2\left[\left(y^2-4y\right)+\left(12-3y\right)\right]=2\left[y\left(y-4\right)-3\left(y-4\right)\right]\)
\(=2\left(y-4\right)\left(y-3\right)\)
4/ \(x^8+x^4+1=\left(x^8+x^7+x^6\right)-\left(x^7+x^6+x^5\right)+\left(x^5+x^4+x^3\right)-\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=x^6\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x^5\left(x^2+x+1\right)+x^3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^6-x^5+x^3-x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left[\left(x^6-x^5+x^4\right)-\left(x^4-x^3+x^2\right)+\left(x^2-x+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left[x^4\left(x^2-x+1\right)\right]-x^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)+\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\)
1/ \(2x^2+3x-5=\left(2x^2+2x\right)-\left(5x+5\right)=2x\left(x+1\right)-5\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-5\right)\)
2/ \(16x-5x^2-3=\left(15x-5x^2\right)+\left(x-3\right)=5x\left(3-x\right)-\left(3-x\right)=\left(3-x\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
3/ \(7x-6x^2-2=\left(3x-6x^2\right)-\left(2-4x\right)=3x\left(1-2x\right)-2\left(1-2x\right)=\left(1-2x\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)
4/ \(x^2+5x-6=\left(x^2-x\right)+\left(6x-6\right)=x\left(x-1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
b: \(\left(x^2+4\right)^2-16x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\left(x^2+4x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2\cdot\left(x+2\right)^2\)
c: \(x^5-x^4+x^3-x^2\)
\(=x^4\left(x-1\right)+x^2\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
Lời giải:
a. Bạn xem lại đề
b. \((x^2+4)^2-16x^2=(x^2+4)^2-(4x)^2=(x^2+4-4x)(x^2+4+4x)\)
\(=(x-2)^2(x+2)^2\)
c.
\(x^5-x^4+x^3-x^2=x^4(x-1)+x^2(x-1)=(x^4+x^2)(x-1)\)
\(=x^2(x^2+1)(x-1)\)
g: \(3\left(x-y\right)-5x\left(y-x\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(5x+3\right)\)
f: \(4x^2\left(x+1\right)+2x^2\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=6x^2\left(x+1\right)\)
f: \(4x^2\left(x+1\right)+2x^2\left(x+1\right)=6x^2\left(x+1\right)\)
g: \(3\left(x-y\right)-5x\left(y-x\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(5x+3\right)\)
câu f có ( x+1) là nhân tử chung
câu g đổi dấu - thành + thì (y-x) sẽ thành (x-y)
Câu 2:
a: \(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+2x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(3x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow x^3-4x-x^3-8=4\)
hay x=-3
a) (2x - 1)2 - (x + 3)2
= (2x - 1 - x - 3).(2x - 1 + x + 3)
= (x - 4).(3x + 2)
b) x2.(x - 3) + 12 - 4x
= x2.(x - 3) - 4x + 12
= x2.(x - 3) - 4.(x - 3)
= (x - 3).(x2 - 4)
= (x - 3).(x - 2).(x + 2)
Áp dụng HĐT:
a2 - b2 = (a - b)(a + b)
\(\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1-x-3\right)\left(2x-1+x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(3x+2\right)\)