Biết \(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{a+c}=\frac{c}{a+b}\left(a\ne b\ne c;abc\ne0\right)\), tính \(\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\)
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Lời giải:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{b-c}{b+c}+\frac{c-a}{c+a}+\frac{a-b}{a+b}=\left(\frac{b}{b+c}-\frac{b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{c+a}-\frac{c}{c+b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{b(a-c)}{(b+c)(a+b)}+\frac{c(b-a)}{(c+a)(c+b)}+\frac{a(c-b)}{(a+b)(a+c)}\)
\(=\frac{b(a-c)(a+c)+c(b-a)(b+a)+a(c-b)(c+b)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=\frac{b(a^2-c^2)+c(b^2-a^2)+a(c^2-b^2)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)-(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}(*)\)
Và:
\(\text{VP}=\frac{(b^2-c^2)(b+c)+(c^2-a^2)(c+a)+(a^2-b^2)(a+b)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)-(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}(**)\)
Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow $ đpcm
Với điều kiện như đề bài
Ta có: \(\frac{b^2-c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{b^2-a^2+a^2-c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)+\left(a-c\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{b-a}{a+c}+\frac{a-c}{a+b}\)
Tướng tự:
\(\frac{c^2-a^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}=\frac{c-b}{b+a}+\frac{b-a}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{a^2-b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}=\frac{a-c}{c+b}+\frac{c-b}{c+a}\)
Em nhớ làm tiếp nhé!
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\\ \Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\\ \Rightarrow\frac{a^{2013}}{c^{2013}}=\frac{b^{2013}}{d^{2013}}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\\ \Rightarrow\frac{a^{2013}}{c^{2013}}=\frac{b^{2013}}{d^{2013}}=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^{2013}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{a^{2013}}{c^{2013}}=\frac{b^{2013}}{d^{2013}}=\frac{a^{2013}+b^{2013}}{c^{2013}+d^{2013}}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^{2013}=\frac{a^{2013}+b^{2013}}{c^{2013}+d^{2013}}\)
Ap dụng hằng đẳng thức.
\(A=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{a-c}+\frac{b+c}{c-a}=\frac{a+b}{a-c}-\frac{b+c}{a-c}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{a+c}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a+c+a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2a=b+c\\2b=a+c\\2c=a+b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{2a}{a}+\frac{2b}{b}+\frac{2c}{c}=2+2+2=6\)
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{a+c}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a+c+a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b+c=2a\\a+c=2b\\a+b=2c\end{cases}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{2a}{a}+\frac{2b}{b}+\frac{2c}{c}=a+b+c\)