Đốt cháy 10,35(g) hỗn hợp X gồm Mg và Al trong khí oxi dư, thấy có 5,88 lít O2 phản ứng (ở đktc). Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong X.
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Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 10,35(1)$
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}a + \dfrac{3}{4}b = \dfrac{5,88}{22,4} = 0,2625(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ; b = 0,25
$m_{Mg} = 0,15.24 = 3,6(gam)$
$m_{Al} = 0,25.27 = 6,75(gam)$
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Cu và Fe.
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: 2Cu + O2 ---to---> 2CuO (1)
3Fe + 2O2 ---to---> Fe3O4 (2)
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{1}{2}x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}y\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,3\)
Mà nCu = 0,2(mol)
Thay vào, ta được: \(\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,3\)
=> y = 0,3(mol)
=> \(m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
b. \(\%_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{12,8+16,8}.100\%=43,24\%\)
\(\%_{Fe}=100\%-43,24\%=56,76\%\)
Bài 1 :
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\)
..0,1....0,025....0,05.......
a, \(V_{O_2}=n.22,4=0,56\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m=m_{Na_2o}=n.M=3,1\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2 :
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
..0,1...0,075...
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
Mà : \(\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(Mg\right)}=0,4-0,075=0,325\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)
.0,65.....0,325........
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=15,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=2,7+15,6=18,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=~14,75\\\%Mg=~85,25\end{matrix}\right.\) %
Bài 3 :
- Gọi số mol Al và Mg lần lượt là x , y
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
..x....0,75x
\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)
..y........0,5y...........
Có : \(n_{O_2}=0,75x+0,5y=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\left(I\right)\)
Lại có : \(m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Mg}=27x+24y=3,9\left(II\right)\)
- Giair ( i ) và ( ii ) ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=~69,23\\\%Mg=~30,77\end{matrix}\right.\) %
Vậy ...
TN1: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (a,b,c)
=> 64a + 27b + 56c = 14,3 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b----------------------->1,5b
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
c----------------------->c
=> 1,5b + c = 0,3 (2)
TN2: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (ak,bk,ck)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,6 (3)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}.20\%=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
ak--->0,5ak
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
bk--->0,75bk
3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
ck-->\(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\)
=> 0,5ak + 0,75bk + \(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\) = 0,4 (4)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,15\left(mol\right)\\k=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,05.64}{14,3}.100\%=22,38\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{14,3}.100\%=18,88\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{14,3}.100\%=58,74\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề: \(m_{hh}=36\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}+m_{Fe}=36\\ \Rightarrow24x+56y=36\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow...0,5x.....x\\ PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow...\dfrac{2}{3}y....\dfrac{1}{3}y\)
Theo đề: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow0,5x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,6\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=36\\0,5x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,8.24=19,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_r=m_{MgO}+m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,8.40+\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3.232=55,2\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: C+O2→CO20,3mol:0,3mol→0,3molC+O2→CO20,3mol:0,3mol→0,3mol
S+O2→SO20,2mol:0,2mol→0,2molS+O2→SO20,2mol:0,2mol→0,2mol
mC=36%10100%=3,6(g)⇔nC=3,612=0,3(mol)mC=36%10100%=3,6(g)⇔nC=3,612=0,3(mol)
mS=10−3,6=6,4(g)⇔nS=6,432=0,2(mol)mS=10−3,6=6,4(g)⇔nS=6,432=0,2(mol)
VO2=(0,3+0,2)22,4=11,2(l)VO2=(0,3+0,2)22,4=11,2(l)
mhh=mCO2+mSO2=0,3.44+0,2.64=26(g)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề: \(m_{hh}=39\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=39\\ \Rightarrow27x+56y=39\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..0.75x....0,5x\\ PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..\dfrac{2}{3}y.....\dfrac{1}{3}y\)
Theo đề: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{12,32}{22,4}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow0,75x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,55\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(1\right)]{\left(2\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=39\\0,75x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,55\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,6.56=33,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_r=m_{Al_2O_3}+m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,5.0,2.102+\dfrac{1}{3}.0,6.232=56,6\left(g\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Mg+O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2MgO\)
x 0,5x
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
y 0,75y
Gọi số mol của Mg là x ; Số mol của Al là y(\(x;y>0\))
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=24x;m_{Al}=27y\)
\(\Rightarrow24x+27y=10,35\)(1)
\(n_{O_2}=5,88:22,4=\frac{21}{80}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow0,5x+0,75y=\frac{21}{80}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có hệ phương trình:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}24x+27y=10,35\\0,5x+0,75y=\frac{21}{80}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0,15\\y=0,25\end{cases}}\)
\(m_{Mg}=24.0,15=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=27.0,25=6,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\frac{3,6}{10,35}.100\approx35\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-35\%=65\%\)