cho : (a+3)(b-4)-(a-3)(b+4) =0 . chứng minh a/3 = b/4
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Áp dụng Côsi:
\(a^4+a^4+a^4+1\ge4\sqrt[4]{\left(a^4\right)^3}=4a^3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4\right)\ge4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)-1\)
Ta chứng minh: \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\ge4\)
Theo Côsi: \(a^3+1+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^3}=3a\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3+2.4\ge3\left(a+b+c+d\right)=3.4\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4\right)\ge4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)-4\ge3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\)
bn c/m điều ngược lại
Vd: cho 0=<a,b,c=<4/3 và a+b+c=2. CMR a^2+b2+c^2=2
Từ a+b+c=6 \(\Rightarrow\)a+b=6-c
Ta có: ab+bc+ac=9\(\Leftrightarrow\)ab+c(a+b)=9
\(\Leftrightarrow\)ab=9-c(a+b)
Mà a+b=6-c (cmt)
\(\Rightarrow\)ab=9-c(6-c)
\(\Rightarrow\)ab=9-6c+c2
Ta có: (b-a)2\(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)b, c
\(\Rightarrow\)b2+a2-2ab\(\ge\)0
\(\Rightarrow\)(b+a)2-4ab\(\ge\)0
\(\Rightarrow\)(a+b)2\(\ge\)4ab
Mà a+b=6-c (cmt)
ab= 9-6c+c2 (cmt)
\(\Rightarrow\)(6-c)2\(\ge\)4(9-6c+c2)
\(\Rightarrow\)36+c2-12c\(\ge\)36-24c+4c2
\(\Rightarrow\)36+c2-12c-36+24c-4c2\(\ge\)0
\(\Rightarrow\)-3c2+12c\(\ge\)0
\(\Rightarrow\)3c2-12c\(\le\)0
\(\Rightarrow\)3c(c-4)\(\le\)0
\(\Rightarrow\)c(c-4)\(\le\)0
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c\ge0\\c-4\le0\end{cases}}\)hoặc\(\hept{\begin{cases}c\le0\\c-4\ge0\end{cases}}\)
*\(\hept{\begin{cases}c\ge0\\c-4\le0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c\ge0\\c\le4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}0\le c\le4}\)
*
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+....+3^{101}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3A-A=\left(3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+...+3^{101}\right)-\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{100}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=3^{101}-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{3^{101}-3}{2}< 3^{100}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< B\)
a. tính A = 3+3^2+3^3+3^4+.....+3^100
3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+....+3^100
3A-A=(3^2+3^3+3^4+....+3^101)-(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+.....+3^100)=3^101-3=3^100
mà B=3^100-1 => A<B
b) Áp dụng bđt Holder ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\right)\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\right)\left(a^2\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2\left(c+a\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b\right)^2\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\)
Lại có \(a^2\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2\left(c+a\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b\right)^2\le2a^2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+2b^2\left(c^2+a^2\right)+2c^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=4\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{4\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}}\).
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{27\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)}}{2}\le\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{4\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}}\Leftrightarrow27\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\).
Áp dụng bđt AM - GM ta có \(27\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)^2\le\left(a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\right)=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\).
Vậy ta có đpcm.
a) Câu này cũng tương tự: Áp dụng bđt Holder ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\).
Đến đây làm tương tự là ok
Vì (a + 3)(b - 4) - (a - 3)(b + 4) = 0
<=> (a+3)(b - 4) = (a-3)(b + 4)
<=> \(\frac{a+3}{b+4}=\frac{a-3}{b-4}\)(t/c tỉ lệ thức)
=> \(\frac{a+3}{b+4}=\frac{a-3}{b-4}=\frac{a+3+a-3}{b+4+b-4}=\frac{a+3-a+3}{b+4-b+4}\)
=> \(\frac{2a}{2b}=\frac{6}{8}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{b}{4}\)