Cho hai số dương a và b thỏa mãn \(a+b\le1\).Tìm GTNN của:
\(P=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+\frac{1}{2ab}\)
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Cho 2 số thực dương a,b thỏa mãn \(a+b\le1\) . Tìm GTNN của
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$1\geq a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\leq \frac{1}{4}$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\frac{1}{1+a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{6ab}+\frac{1}{3ab}\geq \frac{4}{1+a^2+b^2+6ab}+\frac{1}{3ab}\)
\(=\frac{4}{1+(a+b)^2+4ab}+\frac{1}{3ab}\geq \frac{4}{1+1+4.\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{1}{3.\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{8}{3}\)
Vậy $A_{\min}=\frac{8}{3}$ khi $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$
B1
Ta có
\(A=\frac{a^2}{24}+\frac{9}{a}+\frac{9}{a}+\frac{23a^2}{24}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{24}.\frac{9}{a}.\frac{9}{a}+\frac{23a^2}{24}}\ge\frac{9}{2}+\frac{23.36}{24}\ge39\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=6
Vậy Min A = 39 <=> a=6
\(A=a^2+\frac{18}{a}=a^2+\frac{216}{a}+\frac{216}{a}-\frac{414}{a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2.\frac{216}{a}.\frac{216}{a}}-69=39\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 6
Dự đoán điểm rơi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Khi đó:
\(S=a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(=\left(a+b+c+\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{9b}+\frac{1}{9c}\right)+8\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{9b}+\frac{1}{9c}\right)\)
\(\ge6\sqrt[6]{a\cdot b\cdot c\cdot\frac{1}{9a}\cdot\frac{1}{9b}\cdot\frac{1}{9c}}+24\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{9a}\cdot\frac{1}{9b}\cdot\frac{1}{9c}}\)
\(=2+\frac{8}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge2+\frac{8}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}\ge10\)
Mù mắt với AM-GM cho 10 số:v
\(S=\left(a+b+c\right)+9\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{9b}+\frac{1}{9c}\right)\)\(\ge10\sqrt[10]{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{9b}+\frac{1}{9c}\right)^9}\)\(\ge10\sqrt[10]{\left(3\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)\left[3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{9^3abc}}\right]^9}=10\sqrt[10]{\left(3\sqrt[3]{abc}\right).\left[3^9\left(\frac{1}{9^3abc}\right)^3\right]}\)
\(=10\sqrt[10]{3^{10}.\frac{\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\left(3^6abc\right)^3}}=10\sqrt[10]{\frac{1}{3^8\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^8}}}\ge10\sqrt[10]{\frac{1}{3^8\sqrt[3]{\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{27}\right]^8}}}\ge10\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy.....
Từ giả thiết và BĐT AM-GM suy ra:\(\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\)\(\ge\)3
Ta có:
P\(\ge\)\(\frac{2a^3}{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{2b^3}{3\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{2c^3}{3\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)
=\(\frac{2}{3}\)(\(\frac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{b\left(c^2+b^2\right)-bc^2}{\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{a\left(a^2+c^2\right)-ca^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\))
=\(\frac{2}{3}\)(a+b+c-\(\frac{ab^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)-\(\frac{bc^2}{\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)-\(\frac{ca^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\))
\(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{3}\)(a+b+c-\(\frac{a}{2}\)-\(\frac{b}{2}\)-\(\frac{c}{2}\))
=\(\frac{2}{3}\).\(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)=\(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)=\(\frac{\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)}{3}\)-1
\(\ge\)\(\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}{3}\)-1\(\ge\)2
Vậy:MinP=2 khi a=b=c=2
cách này dễ hiểu hơn nè :
Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Ta có : \(1\ge\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+3\ge9\)\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge6\)
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)-ab^2-a^2b}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2+a^2b}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=a-\frac{a+b}{3}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge b-\frac{b+c}{3}\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge c-\frac{a+c}{3}\)
Cộng cả 3 vế , ta được : \(P\ge a+b+c-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{1}{3}.6=2\)
Vậy GTNN của P là 2 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
ta có :
\(A=\frac{a^2}{1-a}+a+\frac{b^2}{1-b}+b+\frac{1}{a+b}=\frac{a}{1-a}+\frac{b}{1-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1-a}+\frac{1}{1-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}-2\)
mà : \(\frac{1}{1-a}+\frac{1}{1-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{1-a+1-b+a+b}=\frac{9}{2}\)
Vậy \(A\ge\frac{9}{2}-2=\frac{5}{2}\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi : \(1-a=1-b=a+b\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(Q=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+2012+\frac{1}{ab}+4ab.\)
Ta có \(M=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{ab}+4ab=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+8ab-4ab\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có
\(M\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2ab}.8ab}-\left(a+b\right)^2=7\)
=> \(Q\ge2012+7=2019\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy......
\(Q=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{2012ab+1}{ab}+4ab=\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\right)+\left(4ab+\frac{1}{4ab}\right)+\frac{1}{4ab}+2012\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y};\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\),ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\ge\frac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}=\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{4}{1}=4\)
\(\left(4ab+\frac{1}{4ab}\right)^2\ge4.4ab\cdot\frac{1}{4ab}=4\Rightarrow4ab+\frac{1}{4ab}\ge2\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{4}{1}=4\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4ab}\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge4+2+1+2012=2019\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=1/2
Ta có : (a-b)^2 >= 0 với mọi a,b
<=> a^2-2ab+b^2 >= 0
<=> a^2+b^2 >= 2ab
<=> a^2+2ab+b^2 >= 4ab
<=> (a+b)^2 >= 4ab
Với a,b > 0 thì ta chia 2 vế cho ab .(+b) được :
a+b/ab >= 4/a+b
<=>1/a + 1/b >=4ab
Áp dụng bđt trên thì A >= 4/(a^2+b^2+2ab) = 4/(a+b)^2 >= 4/1^2 = 4
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b ; a+b =1 <=> a=b=1/2
Vậy Min A = 4 <=> x = y= 1/2
`a+ble1<=>(a+b)^2le1`
Áp dụng bđt `1/(a)+1/bge4/(a+b)` ta có:
`Age4/(a^2+2ab+b^2)=4/(a+b)^2=4/1=4`
Dấu `=` xảy ra khi:`a^2+b^2=2ab<=>(a-b)^2=0<=>a=b` và `a+b=1`
`<=>a=b=1/2`
Vậy GTNN của `A=4` khi và chỉ khi `a=b=1/2`
\(P=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+\frac{1}{2ab}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{9}}{2ab}+\frac{4}{9ab}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+1+2ab}+\frac{4}{9ab}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+1}+\frac{16}{9\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)^2}{1+1}+\frac{16}{9}=\frac{8}{3}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)