Cho x,y thỏa mãn 2x - 3y = 7. Chứng minh rằng 3x2 + 5y2 \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{735}{47}\)
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Ta có: \(2x+3y=7\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}+\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{7}{6}\)
\(3x^2+5y^2=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{3}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{27}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{20}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{3}+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{27}+\dfrac{1}{20}}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{7}{6}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{27}+\dfrac{1}{20}}=\dfrac{735}{47}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{70}{47}\\y=\dfrac{63}{47}\end{matrix}\right.\)
đặt\(A=\dfrac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\dfrac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\dfrac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\)
\(=>A=\dfrac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\)
BBDT AM-GM
\(=>A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
theo BDT AM -GM ta chứng minh được \(xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
vì \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(y^2+z^2\ge2yz\)
\(x^2+z^2\ge2xz\)
\(=>2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)< =>xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(=>2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(=>A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}}{10}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=z=1/3
\(VT=\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+2xy+3zx}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^2+2yz+3xy}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^2+2zx+3yz}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+5xy+5yz+5zx}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{27}{\sqrt{3y}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{81}{3\sqrt{3y}}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+9\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{3y}}=\dfrac{100}{\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{3y}}\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT của Cô-si ta có:
\(\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{1.x}\le\dfrac{1+x}{2};3\sqrt{3y}\le\dfrac{9+3y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\ge\dfrac{100}{\dfrac{1+x}{2}+\dfrac{9+3y}{2}}=\dfrac{100}{\dfrac{10+x+3y}{2}}\ge\dfrac{100}{\dfrac{10+10}{2}}=\dfrac{100}{10}=10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x=1;y=3
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yz=z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2z\left(x+y\right)=36\)
áp dụng BĐT cosi :
\(z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2\ge2z\left(x+y\right)\)
<=> \(z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2z\left(x+y\right)\ge4z\left(x+y\right)=36< =>z\left(x+y\right)\ge9\)
ta lại có \(\dfrac{x+y}{xyz}=\dfrac{x}{xyz}+\dfrac{y}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\) áp dụng BĐT buhihacopxki dạng phân thức => \(\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge\dfrac{4}{yz+xz}=\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}yz=xz< =>x=y\\x+y+z=6\\z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=6\\z=2x=2y\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
-Ủa vì sao\(\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{9}\)? Đáng lẽ là \(\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\le\dfrac{4}{9}\) chứ?
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$\frac{47}{15}(3x^2+5y^2)=[(\sqrt{3}x)^2+(-\sqrt{5}y)^2][(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}})^2+(\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}})^2]\geq (2x-3y)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{47}{15}(3x^2+5y^2)\geq 49$
$\Rightarrow 3x^2+5y^2\geq \frac{735}{47}$
Ta có đpcm.