Hòa tan hoàn toàn 13 gam kẽm trong dung dịch H2SO4 24,5%
a.Tính thể tích khí H2 thu được ở đktc.
b. Tính khối lượng muối thu được
c.Nếu khối lượng dung dịch axit trên là 200g. Tính nồng độ phần trăm của dung dịch thu được sau phản
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\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
(mol)_____0,2____0,2______0,2____0,2__
\(a.V_{H_2}=22,4.0,2=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.98.100}{24,5}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c.m_{ddspu}=13+80-0,2.2=92,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddspu}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{92,6}.100=29,4\left(\%\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
a)\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
b)\(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,2\cdot161=32,2g\)
\(m_{ddZnSO_4}=30+200-0,2\cdot2=229,6g\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{32,2}{229,6}\cdot100\%=14,02\%\)
c)\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3mol\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
0,3 0,2 0,2
\(m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot64=12,8g\)
nZn=1365=0,2molnZn=1365=0,2mol
Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
a)VH2=0,2⋅22,4=4,48lVH2=0,2⋅22,4=4,48l
b)mH2SO4=0,2⋅98=19,6gmH2SO4=0,2⋅98=19,6g
C%=mctmdd⋅100%=19,6200⋅100%=9,8%C%=mctmdd⋅100%=19,6200⋅100%=9,8%
c)nCuO=2480=0,3molnCuO=2480=0,3mol
CuO+H2→Cu+H2OCuO+H2→Cu+H2O
0,3 0,2 0,2
mrắn=mCu=0,2⋅64=12,8g.
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\
m_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.36,5\right).100}{24,5}=29,795\left(g\right)\\
m_{\text{dd}}=5,6+29,795-\left(0,1.2\right)=35,195\left(g\right)\\
C\%=\dfrac{0,1.127}{35,195}.100\%=36\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\
m_{HCl}=\left(0,2.36,5\right).10\%=0,73g\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\)
=> Fe2O3 dư
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,067\left(mol\right)\\
m_{Fe}=0,067.56=3,73g\)
a.b.\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{10\%}=73g\)
c.\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,1 > 0,1 ( mol )
0,1 1/15 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}.56=3,73g\)
a, \(m_{HCl}=150.14,6\%=21,9\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,3.65=19,5\left(g\right)\)
b, \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 19,5 + 150 - 0,3.2 = 168,9 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.136}{168,9}.100\%\approx24,16\%\)
\(a) Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2\\ b) n_{H_2SO_4}= n_{H_2}= n_{Zn} = \dfrac{19,5}{65} =0,3(mol)\\ m_{H_2SO_4} = 0,3.98 = 29,4(gam)\\ c) V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)\\ d) Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\\ n_{Fe} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Fe} = 0,2.56 = 11,2(gam)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,3 0,6 0,3 0,3
\(a,V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
\(c,Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{0,1}{1}=\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)
nên không chất nào dư
nZn = 13 / 65 = 0,2 (mol)
Zn + 2HCl --- > ZnCl2 + H2
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
mZnCl2 = 0,2 . 136 = 27,2 (g)
VH2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48(l)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl+H_2\uparrow\)
\(1\) : \(2\) : \(1\) : \(1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
\(0,2\) \(0,4\) \(0,2\) \(0,2\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
\(b,m_{ZnCl_2}=n.M=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(c,V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=0,01\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,05}=0,4\left(M\right)\\m_{ZnCl_2}=0,01\cdot136=1,36\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,01\cdot22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(n_{Zn}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học phản ứng
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
1 : 1 : 1 : 1
0.2 0,2 0,2
mol mol mol
=> \(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{ZnSO_4}=n.M=0,2.161=32,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Ta có \(C\%=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=24,5\%\)
=> \(m_{ct}=\frac{C\%.m_{dd}}{100\%}=\frac{24,5\%.200}{100\%}=49\left(g\right)=m_{H_2SO_4}\)
=> \(m_{H_2O}=151\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\)(mol)
Dễ thấy \(\frac{n_{Zn}}{1}< \frac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\)
=> H2SO4 dư 0,5 - 0,2 = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư }}=n.M=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\); \(m_{H_2SO4\text{ tham gia}}=n.M=0,2.98=19,6\)(g)
Áp dụng đinhk luật bảo toàn khối lượng
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}+m_{Zn}=m_{ZnSO4}+m_{H_2}\)
=> \(m_{H_2}=m_{H_2SO_4}+m_{Zn}-m_{ZnSO_4}=19,6+13-32,2=0,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{saupư}=m_{ZnSO_4}+m_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư}}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=32,2+29,4+151-0,4=232,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{sau\text{ pư}}}.100\%=\frac{29,4}{232,2}.100\%=12,66\%\)
\(C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\frac{32,2}{232,2}.100\%=13,87\%\)