Cho 200g dd H2SO4, 14,% tác dụng với Al dư.
a. Viết PTHH và tính thể tích H2 thoát ra?.
b. Tính khối lượng Al tham gia Pư ?
c. Tính C% muối Al2(SO4)3 thu được?.
c/ Tính khối lượng muối thu được sau phản ứng?.
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PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2.
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{200}.100\%=14,7\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=29,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}.n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
$a) 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$b) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6.98 = 58,8(gam)$
$c) n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)$
$d) n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)$
\(a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(b.n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Theo.PTHH\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=1,5.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=n.M=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\)
\(c,Theo.PTHH\Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,5.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n.22,4=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2..........0.3...............0.1...........0.3\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot98=29.4\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29.4\cdot100}{20}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng }}=5.4+147-0.3\cdot2=151.8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34.2}{151.8}\cdot100\%=22.53\%\)
Ta có : \(m_{H_2SO_4}=14\%.200=28\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{28}{98}=\frac{2}{7}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4=Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
(mol) 2/7 2/21
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\frac{2}{21}.342=\frac{228}{7}\left(g\right)\)
mH2SO4=9,8%.300=29,4(g)
=> nH2SO4=0,3(mol)
a) PTHH: 2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
0,2<-------------0,3----------->0,1------------->0,3(mol)
b) a=mAl=0,2.27=5,4(g)
c) V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
d) mAl2(SO4)3=0,1.342=34,2(g)
e) mddAl2(SO4)3=mAl+mddH2SO4- mH2= 5,4+300-0,3.2= 304,8(g)
=> C%ddAl2(SO4)3=(34,2/304,8).100=11,22%
a) 2Al+ 3H2SO4→ Al2(SO4)3+ 3H2
(mol) 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
b) m H2SO4= 300. 9,8%= 29,4(g)
n H2SO4= \(\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\)(mol)
c) V H2= n.22,4= 0,3.22,4= 6,72(lít)
m H2= n.m= 0,3.2= 0,6(g)
d) m Al2(SO4)3= n.M= 0,1.342= 34,2(g)
e) mAl= n.M= 0,2.27= 5,4(g)
mddsau phản ứng= mAl+ mdd H2SO4- m H2
= 5,4+300-0,6= 304,8(g)
=> C%ddsau phản ứng= \(\dfrac{34,2}{304,8}.100\%=11,22\%\)
Sửa: \(14,7\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.14,7\%}{100\%.98}=0,3(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)\\ b,n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{200+5,4-0,3.2}.100\%=16,7\%\\ c,m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,1.342=34,2(g)\)