Giải bất phương trình \(\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{2x+3}\ge2x+2\)
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ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+x-3+2x-\sqrt{5x-1}+\sqrt[3]{x-9}+2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3\right)+\dfrac{4x^2-5x+1}{2x+\sqrt{5x-1}}+\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x-9\right)^2}-2\sqrt[3]{x-9}+4}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3+\dfrac{4x-1}{2x+\sqrt{5x-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x-9\right)^2}-2\sqrt[3]{x-9}+4}\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{5}\le x\le1\)
\(\sqrt{x^2+5x+4}\ge2x+2\) (ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+4=4x^2+8x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3x^2-3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3x\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-3x=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (TMĐK)
Vậy \(S=\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}y^6+y^3+2x^2=\sqrt{xy-x^2y^2}\left(1\right)\\4xy^3+y^2+\frac{1}{2}\ge2x^2+\sqrt{1+\left(2x-y\right)^2}\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(VP\left(1\right)=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}-\left(xy-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}\le\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow VT\left(1\right)=y^6+y^3+2x^2\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^3+4x^2\le1\left(3\right)\)
Từ (2)(3) => \(8xy^3+2y^3+2\ge2y^6+4x^2+4x^2+2\sqrt{1+\left(2x-y\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8xy^3+2\ge2y^6+8x^2+2\sqrt{2+\left(2x-y\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4xy^3+1\ge y^6+4x^2+\sqrt{1+\left(2x-y\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\sqrt{1+\left(2x-y\right)^2}\ge y^6-4xy^3+4x^2=\left(y^3-2x\right)^2\left(4\right)\)
\(VT\left(4\right)\le0;VP\left(4\right)\ge0\). Do đó:
(4) \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=2x\\y^3=2x\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=2x\\y^3=y\end{cases}}}\)<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=0\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=1\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-1}{2}\\y=-1\end{cases}}\)
Thử lại chỉ có \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\frac{-1}{2};-1\right)\)thỏa mãn
Vậy hệ đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\frac{-1}{2};-1\right)\)
a.
\(3\sqrt{-x^2+x+6}\ge2\left(1-2x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x^2+x+6\ge0\\1-2x< 0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-2x\ge0\\9\left(-x^2+x+6\right)\ge4\left(1-2x\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\le x\le3\\x>\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\\25\left(x^2-x-2\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2}< x\le3\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\\-1\le x\le2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le x\le3\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}-4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}-2\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2+8x+5-16x}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2x^2-4x+5-4x}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-8x+5\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-8x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[3]{x+1}-1\right)+\left(\sqrt{2x+4}-2\right)< -x\sqrt{2}\)
=>\(\dfrac{x+1-1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{x+1}+1}+\dfrac{2x+4-4}{\sqrt{2x+4}+2}+x\sqrt{2}< 0\)
=>x<0
=>-1<x<0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2x-3\ge0\\2x^2-3x+1\ge0\\x^2+2x-3\le2x^2-3x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge1\\x\le-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge1\\x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\x^2-5x+4\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge1\\x\le-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge4\\x\le1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x\le-3\\x\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/ \(x< -1\) BPT vô nghiêm
Với \(x\ge-1\):
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2>\left(2x-5\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(2x-5\right)^2>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-4\right)\left(6-x\right)>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{3}< x< 6\)
b/ Với \(x< -\frac{1}{2}\) BPT luôn đúng
Với \(x\ge-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)^2\ge\left(2x+1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)^2\ge\left(2x+1\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(5x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge3\\x\le\frac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm của BPT là \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge3\\x\le\frac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Với \(x< -\frac{1}{2}\) BPT vô nghiệm
Với \(x\ge-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge2x^2+x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+3x+1\ge0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-\frac{1}{2}\\x\le-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Kết hợp điều kiện ta được \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
d/ĐKXĐ: ...
\(x< 2\) BPT luôn đúng
Với \(x\ge2\):
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x\ge\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\ge4\Rightarrow x\ge2\)
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ ta có nghiệm của BPT là \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le0\\x\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt[3]{x+1}=a\\\sqrt[3]{2x^2}=b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+\sqrt[3]{x^3+1}< b+\sqrt[3]{b^3+1}\)
Dễ thấy hàm số dạng \(f\left(t\right)=t+\sqrt[3]{t^3+1}\)đồng biến trên R nên
\(\Rightarrow a< b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{x+1}< \sqrt[3]{2x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x-1>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x>1\\x< -\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Cách khác: Dùng liên hợp.
bpt <=> \(\left(\sqrt[3]{2x^2}-\sqrt[3]{x+1}\right)+\left(\sqrt[3]{2x^2+1}-\sqrt[3]{x+2}\right)>0\)
<=> \(\frac{2x^2-x-1}{\left(\sqrt[3]{2x^2}\right)^2+\sqrt[3]{2x^2}.\sqrt[3]{x+1}+\left(\sqrt[3]{x+1}\right)^2}\)
\(+\frac{2x^2-x-1}{\left(\sqrt[3]{2x^2+1}\right)^2+\sqrt[3]{2x^2+1}.\sqrt[3]{x+2}+\left(\sqrt[3]{x+2}\right)^2}>0\)
<=> \(2x^2-x-1>0\)
ĐK \(x\ge-1\)
\(BPT\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}x-\sqrt{x+1}+\frac{4}{3}x+2-2\sqrt{2x+3}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left[\frac{2\left(4x+3\right)}{3\left(2x+3\sqrt{x+1}\right)}+\frac{4\left(2x+3\right)}{3\left(2x+3+3\sqrt{2x+3}\right)}\right]\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3\le0\Leftrightarrow x\le3\)