Cho x, y, z dương thỏa mãn \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=1\\y^2+yz+z^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\\x^2+xz+z^2=\dfrac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tính B=x+y+z
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Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\)
\(y^2-yz+z^2=y^2+\left(z-y\right)y\le y^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{y^2-yz+z^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{y^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{z^2-xz+x^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2-xy+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2-xy+y^2}+\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2y^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{3}{xy}\ge\dfrac{12}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{12}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;0\right)\) và hoán vị
1. Với mọi số thực x;y;z ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(z^2+1\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}P+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
1.1
ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=a>0\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{2-b^2}=2\\b+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b+\sqrt{2-b^2}-\sqrt{2-a^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\sqrt{2-b^2}+\sqrt{2-a^2}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Thay vào pt đầu:
\(a+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-a^2}=2-a\) (\(a\le2\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2-a^2=4-4a+a^2\Leftrightarrow2a^2-4a+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow x=y=1\)
2.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\x^2-xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+3xy+3y^2=21\\7x^2-7xy+7y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-10xy+4y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu
...
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+xz-yz+y^2=2\left(1\right)\\y^2+xy-yz+z^2=0\left(2\right)\\x^2-xy-xz-z^2=2\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy (2) cộng (3) ta được
\(x^2+y^2-yz-zx=2\) (4)
Lấy (1) - (4) ta được
\(2x\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét 2 TH rồi thay vào tìm được y và z
1. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6xy=5\left(x+y\right)\\3yz=2\left(y+z\right)\\7zx=10\left(z+x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{6}{5}\\\dfrac{y+z}{yz}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\\dfrac{z+x}{zx}=\dfrac{7}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{6}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{7}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đến đây thì dễ rồi nhé
Đặt \(\left(x-1;y-2;z-3\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)=abc>0\)
Điều kiện bài toán trở thành :
\(a+1+b+2+c+3< 9\)
\(\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}+\sqrt{c+5\left(a+1\right)+4\left(b+2\right)+3+\left(c+3\right)}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)=\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)=\left(c+3\right)+\left(a+1\right)+11+a+b+c< 3\)
\(a+b+c< 3\)
\(=\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+ab+bc+ca}\)
Mặt khác, do aa không âm, ta luôn có:
\(\text{(√a−1)2(a+2√a)≥0(a−1)2(a+2a)≥0}\)
\(\text{⇒a2−3a+2√a≥0⇒a2−3a+2a≥0}\)
\(\text{⇒2√a≥a(3−a)≥a(b+c)⇒2a≥a(3−a)≥a(b+c) (1)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có:\(\text{ 2√b≥b(c+a)2b≥b(c+a) (2)}\)
\(\text{2√c≥c(a+b)2c≥c(a+b) (3)}\)
Cộng vế với vế (1);(2);(3):
\(\text{2(√a+√b+√c)≥2(ab+bc+ca)2(a+b+c)≥2(ab+bc+ca)}\)
\(\text{⇔√a+√b+√c≥ab+bc+ca⇔a+b+c≥ab+bc+ca}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\text{a=b=c=0a=b=c=0 hoặc a=b=c=1a=b=c=1}\)
⇒x=...;y=...;z=...
4) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^4+yz\right)\left(1+1\right)\ge\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x^4+yz}\le\dfrac{2x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2}{y^4+xz}\le\dfrac{2y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}\\\dfrac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\dfrac{2z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\)
Chứng minh rằng \(2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow x^2+\sqrt{yz}\ge2\sqrt{x^2\sqrt{yz}}=2x\sqrt{\sqrt{yz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\ge4x^2\sqrt{yz}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{x^2}{4x^2\sqrt{yz}}=\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{yz}}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{xz}}\\\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{xy}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\)
Theo đề bài ta có \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}{2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\dfrac{2}{z}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{x}\\\dfrac{x}{zy}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\) ( đpcm )
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Mà \(VT\le2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
3. Ta có :\(x^2\left(1-2x\right)=x.x.\left(1-2x\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x+x+1-2x\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{1}{27}\)(bđt cô si)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :x=1-2x\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Vậy max của Qlaf 1/27 khi x=1/3