Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.
North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the news people select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent.
As it can be inferred from the passage, sociologists can be frustrated when _____.
A. respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires
B. questionnaires are too difficult to read
C. questionnaires are too expensive and difficult to distribute
D. respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own options
Chúng ta có thể suy ra từ bài đọc này rằng các nhà xã hội học có thể rất nản khi ______.
A. những người tham gia khảo sát thường không hoàn thành các câu hỏi khảo sát và không trả lại các câu hỏi đó
B. các câu hỏi khảo sát quá khó để đọc
C. các câu hỏi khảo sát quá đắt và quá khó để phân phát
D. những người tham gia khảo sát quá hào hứng mà cung cấp thêm câu hỏi cho sự lựa chọn của họ
Thông tin: An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire.
Tạm dịch: Một cuộc phỏng vấn có thể có được tỷ lệ phản hồi cao bởi vì mọi người cảm thấy khó khăn hơn khi từ chối một yêu cầu cá nhân cho một cuộc phỏng vấn hơn là vứt bỏ một câu hỏi khảo sát.
Chọn A