Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) 27 x 3 - 54 x 2 y + 36 xy 2 - 8 y 3 ; b) x 3 - 1 + 5 x 2 -5+3x - 3;
c) a 5 +a 4 +a 3 +a 2 +a + 1.
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Lời giải:
a. Không phân tích được nữa
b. $x^2(x-y)+4(y-x)=x^2(x-y)-4(x-y)=(x-y)(x^2-4)=(x-y)(x-2)(x+2)$
c. $x^3+2x^2y+xy^2-4x=x(x^2+2xy+y^2-4)$
$=x[(x^2+2xy+y^2)-4]=x[(x+y)^2-2^2]=x(x+y-2)(x+y+2)$
a: \(=\dfrac{2}{5}\left(xy-x-y^2+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{5}\left[x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{5}\left(y-1\right)\left(x-y-1\right)\)
b: \(=x\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-9\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+y-3\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\)
c: \(x^2-10x+21=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-7\right)\)
a: \(x^2y+xy^3-xy-y^3\)
\(=xy\left(x-1\right)+y^3\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=y\left(x-1\right)\left(x+y^2\right)\)
\(a) x^2y+xy^3-xy-y^3\\=(x^2y+xy^3)-(xy+y^3)\\=xy(x+y^2)-y(x+y^2)\\=(x+y^2)(xy-y)\\=y(x+y^2)(x-1)\\b)2x^2+5x+8(xem lại đề)\\c)x^2-10x+21\\=x^2-3x-7x+21\\=x(x-3)-7(x-3)\\=(x-3)(x-7)\)
\(a,=xy\left(x+y^2\right)-y\left(x+y^2\right)=y\left(x+y^2\right)\left(x-1\right)\\ c,=x^2-7x-3x+21=\left(x-7\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
a: Ta có: \(2\left(x-1\right)^3-5\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left[2\left(x-1\right)^2-5\left(x-1\right)-1\right]\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x^2-4x+2-5x+5-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x^2-9x+6\right)\)
b: Ta có: \(x\left(y-x\right)^3-y\left(x-y\right)^2+xy\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=-x\left(x-y\right)^3-y\left(x-y\right)^2+xy\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[-x\left(x-y\right)^2-y\left(x-y\right)+xy\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[-x^3+2x^2y-xy^2-xy+y^2+xy\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(-x^3+2x^2y-xy^2+y^2\right)\)
a) \(2\left(x-1\right)^3-5\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left[2\left(x-1\right)^2-5\left(x-1\right)-1\right]=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x^2-4x+2-5x+5-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x^2-9x+6\right)\)
b) \(x\left(y-x\right)^3-y\left(x-y\right)^2+xy\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left[-x\left(x-y\right)^2-y\left(x-y\right)+xy\right]=\left(x-y\right)\left(-x^3+2x^2y-xy^2-xy+y^2+xy\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(-x^3+y^2+2x^2y-xy^2\right)\)
c) \(xy\left(x+y\right)-2x-2y=xy\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy-2\right)\)
d) \(x\left(x+y\right)^2-y\left(x+y\right)^2+y^2\left(x-y\right)=\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)+y^2\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+2y^2+2xy\right)\)
a, \(=\left(xy+1+x-y\right)\left(xy+1-x+y\right)\)
b, \(\left(x+y-x+y\right)[\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2]\)
\(=2y[x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2-y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2]\)
\(=2y\left(3x^2+y^2\right)\)
c,\(=3\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)y^2\)
câu a, b áp dụng hằng đẳng thức rồi làm nha
c) 3x4y2 + 3x3y2 + 3xy2 + 3y2
= ( 3x4y2 + 3x3y2 ) + ( 3xy2 + 3y2 )
= 3x3y2 ( x + 1) + 3y2 ( x + 1 )
= ( 3x3y2 + 3y2 ) ( x + 1 )
= 3y2 ( x3 + 1 ) ( x + 1 )
= 3y2 ( x + 1 ) ( x2 - x + 1 ) ( x + 1 )
= 3y2 ( x + 1 )2 ( x2 - x + 1 )
a) ( 3 x - 2 y ) 3 . b) ( x - 1 ) ( x + 3 ) 2 .