Với a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn ab + bc + ca =3abc. Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức P = \(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{a+c}\)
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\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{b+ca}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Cho a, b, c, d là các chữ số thỏa mãn: ab+ca=da ab-ca=a Tìm giá trị của d.
\(\sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{2b^2+bc+2c^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(b+c\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2c^2+ca+2a^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(c+a\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^3=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Ta có : \(a^2+ab+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-ab\ge\left(a+b\right)^2-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=\frac{3\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b\right)}{2}\)
Tương tự : \(\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(b+c\right)}{2}\) ; \(\sqrt{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(c+a\right)}{2}\)
Suy ra : \(\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.2.\left(a+b+c\right)=\sqrt{3}\)
Vậy MIN B = \(\sqrt{3}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}a+b+c=1\\a=b=c\end{cases}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ac+cb+c^2+ab=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)
\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng tức cauchy :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
cộng vế theo vế
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot3=\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1/3
Có a+b+c=1 => c=(a+b+c).c=ac+bc+c2
\(\Rightarrow c+ab=ac+bc+c^2+ab=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+b}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\b+ac=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}=\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)\(=\frac{\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{c+b}{c+b}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow a^2+ab+ca=a\)
Thay vào ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+ca+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy ngược: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+ca+bc}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta CM được: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\)
Cộng vế 3 BĐT trên ta được:
\(P\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{b}{a+b}\right)}{2}\)
\(=\frac{1+1+1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(Max_P=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có :
\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ac+ac+c^2+ab=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế :
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)