Không thực hiện phép tính, chứng minh rằng A = 3 1 + 3 2 + 3 3 + 3 4 chia hết cho 3.
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1. \(A=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{2}{5}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{5}{7}-\frac{-1}{6}+\frac{-4}{35}+\frac{1}{41}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{2}{5}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{5}{7}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{4}{35}+\frac{1}{41}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{6}\right)-\left(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{5}{7}+\frac{4}{35}\right)+\frac{1}{41}\)
\(=\left(\frac{5}{6}+\frac{1}{6}\right)-\left(\frac{-11}{35}+\frac{4}{35}\right)+\frac{1}{41}\)\(=1-\frac{-7}{35}+\frac{1}{41}=1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{41}=\frac{251}{205}\)
2. a) \(1+4+4^2+4^3+......+4^{99}=\left(1+4\right)+\left(4^2+4^3\right)+.......+\left(4^{98}+4^{99}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+4\right)+4^2\left(1+4\right)+.........+4^{98}\left(1+4\right)\)
\(=5+4^2.5+........+4^{98}.5=5\left(1+4^2+.....+4^{98}\right)⋮5\)( đpcm )
b) \(3^{n+2}-2^{n+2}+3^n-2^n=\left(3^{n+2}+3^n\right)-\left(2^{n+2}+2^n\right)\)
\(=3^n\left(3^2+1\right)-2^n\left(2^2+1\right)=3^n\left(9+1\right)-2^n\left(4+1\right)\)
\(=3^n.10-2^n.5=3^n.10-2^{n-1+1}.5=3^n.10-2^{n-1}.2.5\)
\(=3^n.10-2^{n-1}.10=10\left(3^n-2^{n-1}\right)⋮10\)( đpcm )
Bài 1:
$-1+2-3+4-5+6-7+8-...-2019+2020-2021$
$=(2+4+6+8+...+2020)-(1+3+5+...+2021)$
$=(\frac{2020-2}{2}+1).\frac{2020+2}{2}-(\frac{2021-1}{2}+1).\frac{2021+1}{2}=1021110- 1022121=-1011$
Bài 1 cách 2:
$A=-1+2-3+4-5+6-7+8-....-2019+2020-2021$
$=-1+(2-3)+(4-5)+(6-7)+....+(2020-2021)$
$=-1+\underbrace{(-1)+(-1)+...+(-1)}_{1010}=-1+(-1).1010=-1011$
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{10}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{45}-1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{-5}{6}\cdot\dfrac{-9}{10}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{-44}{45}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{-5}{6}\cdot\dfrac{-9}{10}\cdot\dfrac{-14}{15}\cdot\dfrac{-20}{21}\cdot\dfrac{-27}{28}\cdot\dfrac{-35}{36}\cdot\dfrac{-44}{45}\)
\(=\dfrac{11}{27}\)
Câu 2:
B=1+1/2+1/3+....+1/2010
=(1+1/2010)+(1/2+1/2009)+(1/3+1/2008)+...(1/1005+1/1006)
= 2011/2010+2011/2.2009+2011/3.2008+...+2011/1005.1006
=2011.(1/2010+.....1/1005.1006)
Vậy B có tử số chia hết cho 2011 (đpcm).
Câu 3:
\(P=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{4}{5}.\dfrac{6}{7}....\dfrac{98}{99}\\ P< \dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{5}{6}.\dfrac{6}{7}....\dfrac{99}{100}\\ P^2< \dfrac{2}{100}\)
Mà
\(\dfrac{2}{100}=\dfrac{1}{50}< \dfrac{1}{49}\\ \Rightarrow P< \dfrac{1}{7}\)
Bài 1:
a, 2x(3x - y)(3x+y)
= 2x(9x2 - y2)
= 18x3 - 2xy2
b, (x - 5)(x + 5)
= x2 - 25
Bài 2: Ta có:
(n - 1)(3 - 2n) - n(n + 5)
= 3n - 2n2 - 3 + 2n - n2 - 5n
= (3n + 2n - 5n) + (-2n2 - n2) - 3
= -3n2 - 3
= -3(n2 + 1)
nên (n - 1)(3 - 2n) - n(n + 5) chia hết cho 3 với mọi n