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\(n_{Mg}=2x\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot0.45=0.9\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{HCl}=2\cdot2x+2\cdot x=0.9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0.15\)
\(m_{hh}=0.3\cdot24+0.15\cdot56=15.6\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.45\cdot22.4=10.08\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_M=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=2a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a.MM + 54a = 15,6 (1)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
M0 - 2e --> M+2
a--->2a
Al0 - 3e --> Al+3
2a-->6a
Cl20 + 2e --> 2Cl-1
0,6-->1,2
2H+1 + 2e --> H20
0,4<--0,2
Bảo toàn e: 2a + 6a = 1,6
=> a = 0,2
Thay vào (1) => MM = 24 (g/mol)
=> M là Mg
b) Xét \(m_{Mg}+m_{Al}=0,1.24+0,2.27=7,8\left(g\right)\)
=> Không có khí thoát ra
=> pư tạo ra sản phẩm khử là NH4NO3
PTHH: 4Mg + 10HNO3 --> 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
0,1---->0,25
8Al + 30HNO3 --> 8Al(NO3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O
0,2--->0,75
=> nHNO3 = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 (mol)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{58,4.15\%}{36,5}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,24}{2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V1=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\\ x=m_{Cu}=m_{hhA}-m_{Fe}=15,68-0,12.56=8,96\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{8,96}{64}=0,14\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CuCl_2\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,12+0,14=0,32\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V2=V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,32.22,4=7,168\left(l\right)\\ y=m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{CuCl_2}=0,12.133,5+0,14.135=34,92\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)
_______a--------------->a_________(mol)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
_b----------------->b______________(mol)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
_c------------------>c______________(mol)
=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\\ ChấtrắnkhôngtanlàCu\\ Cu+Cl_2\text{ }\rightarrow CuCl_2\\ n_{Cu}=n_{Cl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{8,4+12,8}.100=39,62\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100-39,62=60,38\%\)
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