B1: cho tam giác ABC . Gọi M, N,P lần lượt là trung điểm BC,CA,AB. Hãy biểu diễn vectơ AB theo hai vectơ BN và CP
B2:Cho hình bình hành ABCD. Gọi I là trung điểm CD , G là trọng tâm của tam giác BCI. Phân tích vectơ BI , AG theo 2 vectơ AB , AD
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Do M là trung điểm BC nên: \(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Tương tự: \(\overrightarrow{BN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\) ; \(\overrightarrow{CP}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
Cộng vế:
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{CP}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)
b. Từ câu a ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{CP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AO}+\overrightarrow{OM}+\overrightarrow{BO}+\overrightarrow{ON}+\overrightarrow{CO}+\overrightarrow{OP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OM}-\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{ON}-\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{OP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OC}=\overrightarrow{OM}+\overrightarrow{ON}+\overrightarrow{OP}\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
** Điểm G không có vai trò gì trong bài toán
\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{DI}=(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC})+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DC}\)
\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AD}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{CP}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)\)
=0
1.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BN}\\\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}=2\overrightarrow{CP}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BN}\\\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{CB}=2\overrightarrow{CP}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{BC}=-2\overrightarrow{BN}\\\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{BC}=-2\overrightarrow{CP}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{BC}=-4\overrightarrow{BN}\\\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{BC}=-2\overrightarrow{CP}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{AB}=-4\overrightarrow{BN}-2\overrightarrow{CP}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=-\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BN}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CP}\)
2.
\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{DI}\)
\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DC}\)
\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BI}=-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BG}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BI}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AG}=\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)