Tĩm x,y,z
x^2+5y^2+z^2+2yz=12y-2x-10
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Lời giải:
a)
$(x-z)^2+(y-z)^2+y^2+z^2=2xy-2yz+6z-9$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xz+z^2+(y-z)^2+y^2+z^2-2xy+2yz-6z+9=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x(z+y)+(z^2+y^2+2yz)+(y-z)^2+(z^2-6z+9)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x(y+z)+(y+z)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-3)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-y-z)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-3)^2=0$
Vì $(x-y-z)^2\geq 0; (y-z)^2\geq 0; (z-3)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}$ nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:
$(x-y-z)^2=(y-z)^2=(z-3)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow z=3; y=3; x=6$
b)
$x^2+3y^2+z^2+2xy-2yz-2x+4y+10=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+2xy+y^2)+(y^2-2yz+z^2)+y^2-2x+4y+10=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2+(y-z)^2+y^2-2(x+y)+6y+10=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2-2(x+y)+1+(y-z)^2+(y^2+6y+9)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y-1)^2+(y-z)^2+(y+3)^2=0$ (lập luận tương tự phần a)
$\Leftrightarrow y=z=-3; x=4$
\(2x^2+2xy+5y^2=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge\left(x+2y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{x+2y}{3x+y+5z}+\dfrac{y+2z}{3y+z+5x}+\dfrac{z+2x}{3x+x+5y}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{\left(x+2y\right)\left(3x+y+5z\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{\left(y+2z\right)\left(3y+z+5x\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{\left(z+2x\right)\left(3x+x+5y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{3x^2+2y^2+7xy+5xz+10yz}+\dfrac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{3y^2+2z^2+7yz+5xy+10xz}+\dfrac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{3z^2+2x^2+7xz+5yz+10xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y+y+2z+z+2x\right)^2}{5\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+22\left(xy+xz+yz\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{9\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{5\left(x+y+z\right)^2+12\left(xy+xz+yz\right)}\ge\dfrac{9\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{5\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{12\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(x=y=z\)
\(5x^2+2xy+2y^2-\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2+2xy+2y^2\ge4x^2+4xy+y^2=\left(2x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x}=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+x+y}+\dfrac{9}{y+y+z}+\dfrac{9}{z+z+x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Ta có:
D=2x2+3y2+4xy−8x−2y+18C=2x2+3y2+4xy−8x−2y+18
D=2(x2+2xy+y2)+y2−8x−2y+18C=2(x2+2xy+y2)+y2−8x−2y+18
D=2[(x+y)2−4(x+y)+4]+(y2+6y+9)+1C=2[(x+y)2−4(x+y)+4]+(y2+6y+9)+1
D=2(x+y−2)2+(y+3)2+1≥1C=2(x+y−2)2+(y+3)2+1≥1
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔x+y=2⇔x+y=2và y=−3y=−3
Hay x = 5 , y = -3
Đc chx bạn
a/
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4y^2+1-4xy+2x-4y\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)-19=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=19\)
Do 19 không thể phân tích thành tổng của 2 số chính phương nên pt vô nghiệm
b/
\(\left(4x^2+4y^2+8xy\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)
Do x; y nguyên dương nên \(\left(2x+2y\right)^2>0\Rightarrow VT>0\)
Pt vô nghiệm
c/
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y+25\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)
Do x;y;z nguyên dương nên \(\left|x+y+z\right|>0\Rightarrow VT>0\)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm
d/
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)+\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x+5\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2=0\)
Do x;y;z nguyên dương nên vế phái luôn dương
Pt vô nghiệm
ta có \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3};\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{8}=\frac{y}{12};\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{x}{8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{x+y-z}{8+12-15}=\frac{10}{5}=2\)
Suy ra \(\frac{x}{8}=2\Rightarrow x=2.8=16\)
\(\frac{y}{12}=2\Rightarrow y=2.12=24\)
\(\frac{z}{15}=2\Rightarrow z=2.15=30\)
Vậy x=16;y=24;z=30
\(x^2+5y^2+z^2+2yz-12y+2x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)+\left(4y^2-12y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y+z=0\\2y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\z=-\frac{3}{2}\\y=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)