Cho x, y khác 0 sao cho \(x+\frac{1}{y}\) và \(y+\frac{1}{x}\) thuộc Z. CMR:\(x^2y^2+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}\) thuộc Z.
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Ta có: \(x+\frac{1}{y};y+\frac{1}{x}\) thuộc Z
=> \(\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)=xy+x.\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}.y+\frac{1}{xy}=xy+\frac{1}{xy}=xy+\frac{1}{xy}\) thuộc Z
=> \(\left(xy+\frac{1}{xy}\right)^2=x^2y^2+2xy\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}=x^2y^2+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+2\) thuộc Z
=> \(x^2y^2+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}\) thuộc Z
Lời giải:
BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow (9+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2)(xy+yz+xz)\geq 36xyz(*)\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(9+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2=1+1+...+1+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\geq 12\sqrt[12]{x^4y^4z^4}\)
\(xy+yz+xz\geq 3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\)
Nhân theo vế ta có BĐT $(*)$ luôn đúng
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}=6\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}=\frac{\left(\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)+y+z}\le\frac{9}{32\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{16\left(y+z\right)}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}+\frac{1}{2y+3x+3z}+\frac{1}{2z+3x+3y}\)
\(\le\frac{9}{32\left(x+y+z\right)}\cdot3+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{9}{32\cdot\frac{3}{4}}+\frac{1}{16}\cdot6=\frac{3}{2}\)(Đpcm)
\(9x^2y^2+y^2-6xy-2y+2\)
\(=\left(9x^2y^2-6xy+1\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(3xy-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3xy-1=0\\y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=\frac{1}{3}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{3}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn xét 2 trường hợp.
Nếu x+y+z=0 thì suy ra x+y=-z;y+z=-x;z+x=-y
Nếu x+y+z khác 0 thì áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau
Sửa lại đề : tính \(A=\frac{yz}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{xz}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{xy}{z^2+2xy}\)
Từ \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow yz=-xy-xz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2yz=x^2+yz-xy-xz=x\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
CM tương tự ta cx có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}y^2+2xz=\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\\z^2+2xy=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-y-z+y\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(z-y\right)-xz\left(x-y\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-z\right)\left(yz-xz\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(xy-xz\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)z+\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)x}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=1\)