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Mg + 2 H2SO4 (đ) -to-> MgSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
x_________2x__________________x(mol)
2 Fe + 6 H2SO4(đ) -to-> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3 SO2 + 6 H2O
y______3y_____________________1,5y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=18,4\\x+1,5y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg= 0,3.24=7,2(g)
=> %mMg= (7,2/18,4).100=39,13%
=>%mFe= 60,87%
b) nH2SO4(tổng)=2x+3y=2.0,3+3.0,2=1,2(mol)
VddH2SO4=1,2/2=0,6(l)
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow56a+24b=18,4\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,6\cdot2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot56}{18,4}\cdot100\%\approx60,87\%\\\%m_{Mg}=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{SO_2}+3n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+n_{MgSO_4}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,2}{2}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
1.1. Al + NaOH + H2O ==> NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
nH2(1)=3,36/22,4=0.15(mol)
=> nAl(1)= nH2(1):3/2= 0.15:3/2= 0.1(mol)
2.Mg + 2HCl ==> MgCl2 + H2
3.2Al + 6HCl ==> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
4.Fe + 2HCl ==> FeCl2 + H2
=> \(n_{H_2\left(2,3,4\right)}=\) 10.08/22.4= 0.45(mol)
=> nH2(3)=0.1*3/2=0.15(mol)
MgCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
AlCl3 + 3NaOH ==> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
FeCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
a--->2a------------------>a
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b-------------------->1,5b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.2+0,2.3\right).36,5}{300}.100\%=12,167\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
gọi nFe : a , nAl: b (a,b>0) => 56a + 27b = 16,6 (g)
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a a
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b \(\dfrac{3b}{2}\)
=> \(a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\)
ta có hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a= 0,2 , b = 0,2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=16,6-11,2=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,6
=> \(m_{HCl}=\left(0,4+0,6\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{200}.100\%=18,25\%\)
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)$
Muối gồm :
$Mg(NO_3)_2 : a(mol)$
$Fe(NO_3)_3 : b(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 148a + 242b = 49,1(1)$
Bảo toàn electron : $2n_{Mg} + 3n_{Fe} = 2a + 3b = n_{NO_2} = 0,65(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,25 ; b = 0,05
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,25.24}{0,25.24 + 0,05.56}.100\% = 68,18\%$
$\%m_{Fe} = 100\% -68,18\% = 31,82\%$
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,6 1,2 0,6 0,6 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,6.56=33,6g\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,6.127=76,2g\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,2}{0,6}=2M\)
`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2↑`
`0,3` `0,6` `0,3` `0,3` `(mol)`
`n_[H_2] = [ 6,72 ] / [ 22,4 ] = 0,3 (mol)`
`-> m_[Fe] = 0,3 . 56 = 16,8 (g)`
`-> m_[FeCl_2] = 0,3 . 127 = 38,1 (g)`
`b) C_[M_[HCl]] = [ 0,6 ] / [ 0,3 ] = 2 (M)`
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,3<---0,6<------0,3<-----0,3
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=127.0,3=38,1\left(g\right)\\C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Zn và Fe có trong 17,7 gam hỗn hợp là x và y mol. nH2 = \(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3 mol
Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng ta có\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,3\\65x+56y=17,7\end{matrix}\right.\)=> x = 0,1 và y = 0,2
=>%n Zn=\(\dfrac{0,1}{0,3}100=33,33\%\)
=>%n Fe=66,67%
=>m muối= 0,1.161+0,2.152=46,5g
Gọi số mol Fe, Zn là a, b (mol)
=> 56a + 65b = 17,7 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
a----------------->a--->a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b------------------->b----->b
=> a + b = 0,3 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}.100\%=66,67\%\\\%n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3}.100\%=33,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
mmuối = 0,2.152 + 0,1.161 = 46,5 (g)
