cho hai số thực dương x,y thỏa mãn điều kiện x+y+1=3xy
tìm GTLN của biểu thức P=1/x(y+1) + 1/y(x+1)
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\(x+y=4xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=4\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}>=\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow4>=\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow x+y>=1\)(bđt svacxo)
\(x^2+y^2>=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2};xy< =\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=x^2+y^2-xy>=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}>=\frac{1^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi \(x+y=1;x=y\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\)
vậy min P là \(\frac{1}{4}\)khi x=y=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow3xy\ge2\sqrt{xy}+1\Rightarrow3xy-2\sqrt{xy}-1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3\sqrt{xy}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{xy}-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}-1\ge0\) (do \(3\sqrt{xy}+1>0\) )
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge1\Rightarrow xy\ge1\Rightarrow1-xy\le0\)
\(P=\dfrac{y\left(x+1\right)+x\left(y+1\right)}{xy\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}=\dfrac{2xy+x+y}{xy\left(xy+x+y+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{2xy+3xy-1}{xy\left(xy+3xy\right)}=\dfrac{5xy-1}{4\left(xy\right)^2}=\dfrac{-4\left(xy\right)^2+5xy-1}{4\left(xy\right)^2}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{\left(1-xy\right)\left(4xy+1\right)}{4\left(xy\right)^2}+1\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-xy\le0\\4xy+1>0\\4\left(xy\right)^2>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(1-xy\right)\left(4xy+1\right)}{4\left(xy\right)^2}\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le0+1=1\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\) khi \(x=y=1\)
\(A=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\).Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz,ta có:
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{y+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(\ge3-\frac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(1+1+1\right)}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1/3
Vậy A min = 3/4 khi x=y=z=1/3
\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz : \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+2xy}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=4\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{1}{2xy}=\dfrac{2}{4xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=2\)
Cộng vế với vế được P \(\ge6\) ("=" khi x = y = 1/2)
Vậy Min P = 6 <=> x = y = 1/2
Ta có: 3x + y = 1 => y = 1 - 3x
a, Thay y = 1 - 3x vào M, ta có:
\(\Rightarrow M=3x^2+\left(1-3x\right)^2=3x^2+1-6x+9x^2=12x^2-6x+1=3\left(4x^2-2x+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(=3\left(4x^2-2x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{12}\right)=3\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{12}=3\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\3x+y=1\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{4}\\y=1-3x=1-3.\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN M = 1/4 khi x = y = 1/4
b, Thay y = 1 - 3x vào N
\(\Rightarrow N=x\left(1-3x\right)=x-3x^2=-3\left(x^2-\frac{x}{3}+\frac{1}{36}-\frac{1}{36}\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2-3.\left(-\frac{1}{36}\right)=-3\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\le\frac{1}{12}\forall x\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{6}=0\\3x+y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{6}\\y=1-3x=1-3.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy GTLN N = 1/12 khi x = 1/6 và y = 1/2
\(3xy=x+y+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{xy}\Rightarrow xy\ge1\)
\(4xy=xy+x+y+1=x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
\(P=\frac{1}{x\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{1}{y\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{2xy+x+y}{4\left(xy\right)^2}=\frac{5xy-1}{4\left(xy\right)^2}\)
Xét hiệu: \(P-1=\frac{5xy-1}{4x^2y^2}-1=\frac{\left(4xy-1\right)\left(1-xy\right)}{4x^2y^2}\le0\) với mọi \(xy\ge1\)
Vậy \(P\le1\)hay max P = 1.
Dẫu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = 1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có: \(3xy\ge2\sqrt{xy}+1\Leftrightarrow xy\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(P=\frac{1}{x\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{1}{y\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{5xy-1}{xy\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}=\frac{5xy-1}{4\left(xy\right)^2}\), đặt t=\(\frac{1}{xy}\)
\(f\left(t\right)=\frac{5}{4}t-\frac{1}{4}t^2\)đồng biến trên (0;1] nên f(t) đạt GTLN tại t=1
Vậy GTKN của P=1 đạt được khi x=y=1