Chứng minh rằng nếu x+y+z=0 thì
\(2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)=5xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
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Ta có: x+y+z=0
=>x+y=-z =>(x+y)^5=-z^5
hay x^5+y^5+5(x^4y+xy^4+2x³y²+2x²y³+)=-z^5
<=>x^5+y^5+z^5+5xy(x³+y³+2x²y+2x²y)=0
<=>x5+y^5+z^5+5xy(x+y)(x²-xy+y²+2xy)=0
<=>x^5+y^5+z^5-5xyz(x²+xy+y²)=0
<=>x^5+y^5+z^5=5xyz(x²+xy+y²)
<=>2(x^5+y^5+z^5)=5xyz(2x²+2xy+2y²)
<=>2(x^5+y^5+z^5)=5xyz[x²+y²+(x+y)²]
<=>2(x^5+y^5+z^5)=5xyz(x³+y²+z²)
Từ x+y+z=0 => y+z=-x => (y+z)5=-x5
=> \(y^5+5y^4z+10y^2z^2+10y^2z^3+5yz^4+z^5=-x^5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)+5yz\left(y^3+2y^2z+2yz^2+z^3\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)+5yz\left[\left(y+z\right)\left(y^2-yz+x^2\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)+5yz\left(y+z\right)\left(y^2+yz+z^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)-5xyz\left[\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)+y^2+z^2\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)=5xyz\left[\left(y+z\right)^2+y^2+z^2\right]\) (đpcm)
\(y+z=-x\)
\(\left(y+z\right)^5=-x^5\)
\(y^5+5y^4z+10y^3z^2+10y^2z^3+5yz^4+z^5+x^5=0\)
\(x^5+y^5+z^5+5yz\left(y^3+2y^2z+2yz^2+z^3\right)=0\)
\(x^5+y^5+z^5+5yz\left[\left(y+z\right)\left(y^2-yz+z^2\right)+2yz\left(y+z\right)\right]=0\)
\(x^5+y^5+z^5+5yz\left(y+z\right)\left(y^2+yz+z^2\right)=0\)
\(2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)-5xyz\left(\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)+y^2+z^2\right)=0\)
\(2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)=5xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
Ta có: x + y + z = 0 <=> y + z = -x
(y+z)5 = (-x)5
y5 + z5 + 5y4z + 10y3z2 + 10y2z3 + 5yz4 = -x5
y5 + z5 + 5y4z + 10y3z2 + 10y2z3 + 5yz4 + x5 = 0
x5 + y5 + z5 +5xyz[ y3 + 2y2z + 2yz2 + z3 ] = 0
x5 + y5 + z5 + 5xyz[(y+z)(y2 -yz -z2)+ 2yz(x+z)] = 0
x5 + y5 + z5 +5xyz[(y+z)(y2 +yz + z2)] = 0
2.(x5 + y5 + z5) + 5xyz(y+z)(y2+yz+z2) - (x5 + y5 + z5) = 0
2(x5 + y5 + z5) - 5xyz[(y2+2yz+z2)+y2+z2] = 0
2(x5 + y5 + z5) = 5xyz[(y+z)2 + y2 + z2]
2(x5 + y5 + z5) = 5xyz[(-x)2 + y2 + z2]
2(x5 + y5 + z5) = 5xyz(x2 + y2 + z2).
Từ giả thiết: \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=\left(-c\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\) (1)
Nhận cả 2 vế của (1) với \(x^2+y^2+z^2\) ta được:
\(3xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=x^5+x^3\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y^5+y^3\left(x^2+z^2\right)+z^5+z^3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(2\right)\)Do x + y + z =0 \(\Rightarrow y+z=-x\Rightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2=x^2\Leftrightarrow y^2+z^2=x^2-2yz\)Tương tự ta có:
\(x^2+y^2=z^2-2xy;x^2+z^2=y^2-2xz\)
Thay vào (2) ta được:
\(3xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=x^5+y^5+z^5+x^3\left(x^2-2yz\right)+y^3\left(y^2-2xz\right)+z^3\left(z^2-2xy\right)\)\(=2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)-2xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)=5xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=0\Leftrightarrow x+y=-z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=-z^3\Leftrightarrow x^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)+y^3=-z^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3xyz+y^3=-z^3\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
Do đó \(3xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(=x^5+y^5+z^5+x^3\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y^3\left(z^2+x^2\right)+z^3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) (*)
Mà \(x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=\left(-z\right)^2-2xy=z^2-2xy\) (vì x + y = -z) (1)
Tương tự, ta có: \(y^2+z^2=x^2-2yz\left(2\right);z^2+x^2=y^2-2zx\left(3\right)\)
Thay (1);(2);(3) vào (*) ta được:
\(3xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=x^5+y^5+z^5+x^3\left(x^2-2yz\right)+y^3\left(y^2-2zx\right)+z^3\left(z^2-2xy\right)\)
\(=x^5+y^5+z^5+x^5-2x^3yz+y^5-2xy^3z+z^5-2xyz^3\)
\(=2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)-2xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+2xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=2\left(x^5+y^5+z^2\right)-2xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+2xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=2\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
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