chứn minh:\(\sqrt{1+2+3+...+\left(n-1\right)+n+\left(n-1\right)+...+3+2+1}=n\)
b, Cho a/b=b/c=c/d=d/a tính a^2015/ b^1000.c^1015
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a) \(A=\left(-1\right)^{2n}.\left(-1\right)^n.\left(-1\right)^{n+1}=\left(-1\right)^{3n+1}\)
b) \(B=\left(10000-1^2\right)\left(10000-2^2\right).........\left(10000-1000^2\right)\)
\(=\left(10000-1^2\right)\left(10000-2^2\right)......\left(10000-100^2\right)....\left(10000-1000^2\right)\)
\(=\left(10000-1^2\right)\left(10000-2^2\right).....\left(10000-10000\right).....\left(10000-1000^2\right)=0\)
c) \(C=\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{1^3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{2^3}\right)..........\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{25^3}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{1^3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{2^3}\right).....\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{5^3}\right)......\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{25^3}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{1^3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{2^3}\right)........\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{125}\right).....\left(\frac{1}{125}-\frac{1}{25^3}\right)=0\)
d) \(D=1999^{\left(1000-1^3\right)\left(1000-2^3\right)........\left(1000-10^3\right)}\)
\(=1999^{\left(1000-1^3\right)\left(1000-2^3\right)........\left(1000-1000\right)}=1999^0=1\)
1. Đề sai, ví dụ (a;b;c)=(1;2;2) hay (1;2;7) gì đó
2. Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 4 số a;b;c;d luôn có ít nhất 2 số đồng dư khi chia 3.
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là a và b thì \(a-b⋮3\)
Ta có 2 TH sau:
- Trong 4 số có 2 chẵn 2 lẻ, giả sử a, b chẵn và c, d lẻ \(\Rightarrow a-b,c-d\) đều chẵn \(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(c-d\right)⋮4\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tích đã cho chia hết 12
- Trong 4 số có nhiều hơn 3 số cùng tính chẵn lẽ, khi đó cũng luôn có 2 hiệu chẵn (tương tự TH trên) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
3. Với \(n=1\) thỏa mãn
Với \(n>1\) ta có \(3^n\equiv\left(5-2\right)^n\equiv\left(-2\right)^n\left(mod5\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n.2^n+3^n\equiv n.2^n+\left(-2\right)^n\left(mod5\right)\)
Mặt khác \(n.2^n+\left(-2\right)^n=2^n\left(n+\left(-1\right)^n\right)\)
Mà \(2^n⋮̸5\Rightarrow n+\left(-1\right)^n⋮5\)
TH1: \(n=2k\Rightarrow2k+1⋮5\Rightarrow2k+1=5\left(2m+1\right)\Rightarrow k=5m+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n=10m+4\)
TH2: \(n=2k+1\Rightarrow2k+1-1⋮5\Rightarrow2k⋮5\Rightarrow k=5t\Rightarrow n=10t+1\)
Vậy với \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n=10k+4\\n=10k+1\end{matrix}\right.\) (\(k\in N\)) thì số đã cho chia hết cho 5
3a) ta có \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}=a-\frac{ab}{a+b}>=a-\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
vì \(a,b>0,a+b>=2\sqrt{ab}nên\frac{ab}{a+b}< =\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
tương tự \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}=b-\frac{bc}{b+c}>=b-\frac{bc}{2\sqrt{bc}}=b-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\)
tương tự \(\frac{c^2}{c+a}=c-\frac{ca}{c+a}>=c-\frac{ca}{2\sqrt{ca}}=c-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}\)
cộng từng vế BĐT ta được \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}>=a+b+c-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}}{2}\left(1\right)\)
giả sử \(\frac{2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}}{2}>=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
<=> \(2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}>=a+b+c\)
<=> \(a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}>=0\)
<=> \(2a+2b+2c-2\sqrt{ab}-2\sqrt{bc}-2\sqrt{ca}>=0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2>=0\)
(đúng với mọi a,b,c >0) (2)
(1),(2)=> \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}>=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
a/ \(A=\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=2\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3^2-1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3^4-1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=3^{128}-1\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{3^{128}-1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(a^3+1=(a+1)(a^2-a+1)\leq \left(\frac{a+1+a^2-a+1}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a^2+2}{2}\right)^2\)
\(b^3+1\leq \left(\frac{b^2+2}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{(a^3+1)(b^3+1)}\leq \frac{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^2}{\sqrt{(a^3+1)(b^3+1)}}\geq \frac{4a^2}{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \underbrace{\frac{4a^2}{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)}+\frac{4b^2}{(b^2+2)(c^2+2)}+\frac{4c^2}{(c^2+2)(a^2+2)}}_{M}\)
Ta cần CM \(M\geq \frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2(c^2+2)+b^2(a^2+2)+c^2(b^2+2)}{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)(c^2+2)}\geq \frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+6(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (a^2+2)(b^2+2)(c^2+2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+6(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (abc)^2+2(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+4(a^2+b^2+c^2)+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 72\)
Điều này luôn đúng do theo BĐT AM-GM thì: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq 3\sqrt[3]{(abc)^4}=3\sqrt[3]{8^4}=48\\ 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 6\sqrt[3]{(abc)^2}=6\sqrt[3]{8^2}=24\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$
\(a=\lim\sqrt{n^3}\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{n^3}+\dfrac{2}{n^2}-1}=\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(b=\lim\left(\sqrt{n^2+2n+3}-n+n-\sqrt[3]{n^2+n^3}\right)\)
\(=\lim\dfrac{2n+3}{\sqrt{n^2+2n+3}+n}+\lim\dfrac{-n^2}{n^2+n\sqrt[3]{n^2+n^3}+\sqrt[3]{\left(n^2+n^3\right)^2}}\)
\(=\lim\dfrac{2+\dfrac{3}{n}}{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{3}{n^2}}+1}+\lim\dfrac{-1}{1+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{n}+1}+\sqrt[3]{\left(\dfrac{1}{n}+1\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(c=\lim\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}}+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2}{n}\right)}=\dfrac{0.0}{1.1}=0\)
\(d=\lim\dfrac{4-3\left(\dfrac{2}{4}\right)^n}{9.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^n+\left(\dfrac{2}{4}\right)^n}=\dfrac{4}{0}=+\infty\)
\(e=\lim\dfrac{7-25\left(\dfrac{5}{7}\right)^n+3.\left(\dfrac{1}{7}\right)^n}{12.\left(\dfrac{6}{7}\right)^n-\left(\dfrac{3}{7}\right)^n+3\left(\dfrac{1}{7}\right)^n}=\dfrac{7}{0}=+\infty\)
\(f=\lim\dfrac{n^4-4n^6}{n\left(\sqrt{n^4+1}+\sqrt{4n^6+1}\right)}=\lim\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{n^2}-6}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{n^6}+\dfrac{1}{n^{10}}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{n^4}+\dfrac{1}{n^{10}}}}=\dfrac{-6}{0}=-\infty\)
a)ta có : \(2\left(1+2+3+....+\left(n-1\right)\right)+n=n\left(n-1\right)+n=n^2\)
=> dpcm
b)\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
=>\(\frac{a^{2015}}{b^{1000}.c^{1015}}=\frac{a^{2015}}{a^{1000+1015}}=1\)