Cho a,b,c là các số thực dương có tích bằng 1. CM:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
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\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\cdot\frac{b+c}{4bc}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}\cdot\frac{c+a}{4ca}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\cdot\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Mà\(\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)nên:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
hay\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
Bất đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\right)\) \(\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
Khi đó
\(VT=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{x^2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{y^2}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{z^2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)}\) và \(xyz=1\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{\frac{y+z}{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{\frac{z+x}{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{\frac{x+y}{xy}}=\frac{x^2yz}{y+z}+\frac{y^2zx}{z+x}+\frac{z^2xy}{x+y}\)
\(=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\frac{x^2}{xy+zx}+\frac{y^2}{yz+xy}+\frac{z^2}{zx+yz}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
Theo bđt Cauchy - Schwart ta có:
\(\text{Σ}cyc\frac{c}{a^2\left(bc+1\right)}=\text{Σ}cyc\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{b+\frac{1}{c}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+a+b+c}\)\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3a^2b^2c^2}\)
Đặt \(ab+bc+ca=x;abc=y\).
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{xy+3y^2}\ge\frac{9}{x\left(1+y\right)}\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^3y\ge9xy+27y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-9y\right)+y\left(x^3-27y\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Vậy BĐT đc CM. Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Câu 2/
\(\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b^2+ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c^2+ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{b^2+ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{c^2+ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{1}{c}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(b-a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-b\right)}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4-a^4b^2c^2-a^2b^4c^2-a^2b^2c^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4\ge a^4b^2c^2+a^2b^4c^2+a^2b^2c^4\left(1\right)\)
Ma ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^4b^4+b^4c^4\ge2a^2b^4c^2\left(2\right)\\b^4c^4+c^4a^4\ge2a^2b^2c^4\left(3\right)\\c^4a^4+a^4b^4\ge2a^4b^2c^2\left(4\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng (2), (3), (4) vế theo vế rồi rút gọn cho 2 ta được điều phải chứng minh là đúng.
PS: Nếu nghĩ được cách khác đơn giản hơn sẽ chép lên cho b sau. Tạm cách này đã.
BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(y+z-x\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
Có: \(VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(y+z-x\right)^2+\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}-\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\ge0\)(chú ý: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\left(a+b+c\right)=3\left(a+b+c\right)\))
Ta có đpcm.
Có cách khác ^_^ mới nghĩ ra
BĐt <=> \(P\left(a,b,c\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2-\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge0\)
Không mất tính tổng quát , giả sử : \(a=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\Rightarrow t=\sqrt{bc}\ge1\)
=> Chứng minh: \(P\left(a,b,c\right)\ge P\left(a,t,t\right)\)
Thật vậy , \(P\left(a,b,c\right)-P\left(a,t,t\right)=\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2\left[\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2-\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\right]\)
\(\ge\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2\left[4-\frac{1}{2}\left(1+1\right)\right]\ge0\)
mặt khác: \(P\left(a,t,t\right)=P\left(\frac{t}{t^2},t,t\right)=\frac{\left(t-1\right)^2\left(3t^4+4t^3+5t^2+4t+2\right)}{2t^4}\ge0\)
=> BĐT được chứng minh . Đt xảy ra<=> a=b=c=1