Nếu x + y + z = 1 , x 2 + y 2 + z 2 =1 và x 3 + y 3 + z 3 =1 , chứng minh rằng x y z = 0 ?
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ta co: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}=0\)
=> x + y + z = 0
Lai co: x3 + y3 +z3 - 3xyz = (x+y+z).(x2+y2+z2 - xy - yz - zx)
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
ta co: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}.\)
=> 1/xy + 1/yz + 1/xz = 0
=> x + y + z = 0
Lai co: x3 + y3 +z3 - 3xyz = (x+y+z).(x2+y2+z2 - xy - yz - zx)
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
Sử dụng BĐT AM-GM, ta có:
\(x^3+y^2\ge2yx\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}\le\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{2yx\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{xy}\)
Tương tự cộng lại suy ra:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\le\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\dfrac{x^3}{y+2z}+\dfrac{y^3}{z+2x}+\dfrac{z^3}{x+2y}=\dfrac{x^4}{xy+2xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{xz+2yz}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Theo AM-GM: \(x^3+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^3y^2}=2xy\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}\le\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{2xy\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{xy}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{2\sqrt{y}}{y^3+z^2}\le\frac{1}{yz}\)
\(\frac{2\sqrt{z}}{z^3+x^2}\le\frac{1}{zx}\)
Cộng vế với vế => \(VT\le\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\)
Theo AM-GM; \(VT\le\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\le\frac{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}}{2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cacuhy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^3+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^3y^2}=2xy\sqrt{x}\\y^3+z^2\ge2\sqrt{y^3z^2}=2yz\sqrt{y}\\z^3+x^2\ge2\sqrt{z^3x^2}=2xz\sqrt{z}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}\le\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{2xy\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{xy}\\\frac{2\sqrt{y}}{y^3+z^2}\le\frac{2\sqrt{y}}{2yz\sqrt{y}}=\frac{1}{yz}\\\frac{2\sqrt{z}}{z^3+x^2}\le\frac{2\sqrt{z}}{2xz\sqrt{z}}=\frac{1}{xz}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cacuchy Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2y^2}}=\frac{2}{xy}\\\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{y^2z^2}}=\frac{2}{yz}\\\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{z^2x^2}}=\frac{2}{xz}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\ge\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}+\frac{2\sqrt{y}}{y^3+z^2}+\frac{2\sqrt{z}}{z^3+x^2}\le\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Làm theo cách giải trình :P
Ta có:
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=1^2\)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+2.\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=1\)
\(1+2.\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=1\)
\(2.\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
\(\left(x+y+z\right).\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=1.1\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3+x^2.\left(y+z\right)+y^2.\left(x+z\right)+2^2.\left(x+y\right)=1\)
\(1+x^2y+x^2z+y^2x+y^2z+z^2x+z^2y=1\)
\(xy.\left(x+y\right)+xz.\left(x+z\right)+yz.\left(y+z\right)=0\)
\(xy.\left(x+y+z-z\right)+xz.\left(x+y+z-y\right)+yz.\left(x+y+z-x\right)=0\)
\(xy.\left(1-z\right)+xz.\left(1-y\right)+yz.\left(1-x\right)=0\)
\(xy+xz+yz-3xyz=0\)
Khi: \(xy+yz+xz0,xyz\)cũng bằng 0
đpcm.