Hòa tan hoàn toàn 7,8 g hỗn hợp gồm Al và Mg bằng 200 ml dd HCl sau phản ứng
thu được 8,96 lít khí ở ĐKTC.
a. Tính % khối lượng mỗi kim loại trong hỗn hợp ban đầu?
b. Tính nồng độ mol của dd HCl đã dụng?
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a)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} =b (mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 27b = 11(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\% = 50,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 50,9\% = 49,1\%$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,8(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,8}{0,4} = 2M$
c)
$C_{M_{FeCl_2}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,4} = 0,25M$
$C_{M_{AlCl_3}} =\dfrac{0,2}{0,4} = 0,5M$
$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$
$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$
a, Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 9,2 (g) (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2nMg + 2nFe = 2nH2 = 0,5 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{9,2}.100\%\approx39,13\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx60,87\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)
b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)
Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)
∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)
PTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5yPTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5y
nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)
(1)−→(2){x=0,1y=0,2→(2)(1){x=0,1y=0,2
a) %mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%
→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%
b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)
mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)
c) mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)
mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 7,8 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2x + 3y = 0,8 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%\approx30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT Mg và Al, có:
nMgCl2 = nMg = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.95+0,2.133,5}.100\%\approx26,24\%\\\%m_{AlCl_3}\approx73,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,03 0,06 0,03 0,03
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,03 0,06 0,03
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,03.1}{1}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,03.24=0,72\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgO}=1,92-0,72=1,2\left(g\right)\)
b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=1,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{1,12}{40}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,06+0,06=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
400ml = 0,4l
\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,4}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,03+0,03=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{MgCl2}}=\dfrac{0,06}{0,4}=0,15\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
a 0,4 0,2 1a
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
b 0,3 0,15 1b
a) Gọi a là số mol của Mg
b là số mol của Fe
\(m_{Mg}+m_{Fe}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}+n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}=13,2g\)
⇒ 24a + 56b = 13,2g (1)
Theo phương trình : 1a + 1b = 0,35(2)
Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
24a + 56b = 13,2g
1a + 1b = 0,35
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{4,8.100}{13,2}=36,36\)0/0
0/0Fe = \(\dfrac{8,4.100}{13,2}=63,64\)0/0
b) \(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+0,3=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,2}=3,5\left(M\right)\)
c) \(m_{muối.clorua}=\left(0,2.95\right)+\left(0,15.127\right)=38,05\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
Gọi số mol của Al, Mg, CuO là a, b, c
=> 27a + 24b + 80c = 23,8
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a---->3a----------------->1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b----->2b---------------->b
CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O
c------->2c
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\\3a+2b+2c=0,6.2=1,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\\c=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____3a______________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_____________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{7,8}\cdot100\%\approx69,23\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30,77\%\\C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot3+0,1\cdot2}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
tks