Cho a,b,c >0. Thỏa mãn abc=1. CM
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+C\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
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BĐT\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a};y=\frac{1}{b};z=\frac{1}{c}\). Áp dụng BĐT: AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}=b\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}}=c\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
hay \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng = xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a};y=\frac{1}{b};z=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow xyz=1;x>0;y>0;z>0\)
Ta cần chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau : \(A=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki cho 2 bộ số :
\(\left(\sqrt{y+z};\sqrt{z+x};\sqrt{x+y}\right);\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{y+z}};\frac{y}{\sqrt{z+x}};\frac{z}{\sqrt{x+y}}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le\left(x+y+z+x+y+z\right)A\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Bạn tham khảo tại đây:
Câu hỏi của Trần Hữu Ngọc Minh - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta được:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt{\frac{a^3\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)64}}=\frac{3a}{4}̸\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+a}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3b}{4}\\\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{1+a}{8}+\frac{1+b}{8}\ge\frac{3c}{4}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng theo từng vế BĐT trên ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Vì \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)do đó:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{64}}=\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{1+c}{8}+\frac{1+a}{8}\ge\frac{3b}{4}\\\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{1+a}{8}+\frac{1+b}{8}\ge\frac{3c}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{a+b+c}{4}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3}{4}\)(1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Có: \(VT=\frac{abc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{ab+ac}+\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)được
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà\(\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(Chuyển vế đưa thành tổng bình phương)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge...\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c=1
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt[3]{abc}}=\frac{c^2}{c^2(a+b)}+\frac{a^2}{a^2(b+c)}+\frac{b^2}{b^2(c+a)}+\frac{(\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}{2abc}\)
\(\geq \frac{(c+a+b+\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}{c^2(a+b)+a^2(b+c)+b^2(c+a)+2abc}=\frac{(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{b+c}{bc}}\)
Biến đổi tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{a+c}{ac}};\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(abc=1\Rightarrow\left(abc\right)^2=a^2b^2c^2=1\Rightarrow a^2=\frac{1}{b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{b^2c^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ac}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ba};\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+cb}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel: \(\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{bc+ca+ab+ca+ab+bc}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng bđt Cauchy với 3 số dương ta được: \(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{ab.bc.ca}}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{1}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(P=\frac{x^3yz}{y+z}+\frac{y^3xz}{x+z}+\frac{z^3xy}{x+y}=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;1\right)\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;1;1\right)\)
Đặt x=\(\frac{1}{a}\) đúng ko