2,tính nhanh
a, 2018^2-2017.2019
b, 2018^2+1/2018-2017
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\( S =1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1} {2019}-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\right) \)
\(\Rightarrow S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{1009}\right)\)
\(\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{1010}+\frac{1}{1011}+...+\frac{1}{2019}\) \(\Rightarrow S=P\)\)
\(B=\frac{2018}{1}+\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2016}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\)
\(B=1+\left(\frac{2017}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2016}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2018}+1\right)\)
\(B=\frac{2019}{2019}+\frac{2019}{2}+\frac{2019}{3}+...+\frac{2019}{2018}\)
\(B=2019\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2019}\right)\)
ta có \(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2019}}{2019\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2019}\right)}=\frac{1}{2019}\)
Đặt \(2017=a\)
\(A=\sqrt{1+a^2+\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}\\ A=\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)^2-2a+\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}\\ A=\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)^2-2\left(a+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\left(\dfrac{a}{a+1}\right)^2}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}\\ A=\sqrt{\left(a+1-\dfrac{a}{a+1}\right)^2}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}\\ A=\left|a+1-\dfrac{a}{a+1}\right|+\dfrac{a}{a+1}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{a+1}< 1\Leftrightarrow a+1-\dfrac{a}{a+1}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=a+1-\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}=a+1=2018\)
A=\(\frac{2018}{2017^2+1}+\frac{2018}{2017^2+2}+..........+\frac{2018}{2017^2+2017}\)
>\(\frac{2018}{2017^2+2017}+\frac{2018}{2017^2+2017}+........+\frac{2018}{2017^2+2017}\)
\(=\frac{2018}{2017^2+2017}.2017=\frac{2018.2017}{2017\left(2017+1\right)}=1\) (1)
Lại có:A<\(\frac{2018}{2017^2+1}+\frac{2018}{2017^2+1}+.........+\frac{2018}{2017^2+1}\)
\(=\frac{2018}{2017^2+1}.2017=\frac{2018.2017}{2017^2+1}=\frac{2017.\left(2017+1\right)}{2017^2+1}\)
\(=\frac{2017^2+2017}{2017^2+1}=\frac{2017^2+1+2016}{2017^2+1}=1+\frac{2016}{2017^2+1}< 2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:1 < A < 2
Vậy A không phải là số nguyên
Số số hạng là 2017-1+1=2017(số)
Tổng các số từ 1 đến 2017 là: \(\left(2017\right)\cdot\dfrac{\left(2017-1\right)}{2}=2017\cdot1008\)
Tổng là:
\(A=\dfrac{2017\cdot1008}{2018}\simeq1007.5\)