Cho a,b,c là 3 số nguyên dườn thoả mãn đk a+b+c=1. Tìm gtnn của A. Biết A = \(\frac{\left(a+1\right).\left(b+1\right).\left(c+1\right)}{\left(1-a\right).\left(1-b\right).\left(1-c\right)}\)
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\(A=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+a\right)\left(a+b+c+b\right)\left(a+b+c+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}.2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}.2\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=8\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{1}{b}=y\\\frac{1}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) suy ra \(xyz=1\). Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge x\\\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge y\\\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\end{matrix}\right.\).Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(P+\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3\right)\)
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge\frac{6a-b-c-2}{8}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}\ge\frac{6b-c-a-2}{8}\\\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{6c-a-b-2}{8}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{6a-b-c-2}{8}+\frac{6b-c-a-2}{8}+\frac{6c-a-b-2}{8}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}.\sqrt[3]{abc}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}\).
Ta có:
\(1-a=a+b+c-a\).(vì \(a+b+c=1\)).
\(\Leftrightarrow1-a=b+c\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(1-b=c+a\); \(1-c=a+b\). Do đó:
\(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)\).
Lại có:
\(1+a=a+b+c+a\)(vì \(a+b+c=1\)).
\(\Leftrightarrow1+a=\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(1+b=\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)\); \(1+c=\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\),.
Do đó \(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)=\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)\right]\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)\right]\left[\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\right]\)
Lúc đó:
\(A=\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)\right]\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)\right]\left[\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\right]}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\).
Đặt \(a+b=x,b+c=y,c+a=z\left(x,y,z>0\right)\) thì \(x+y+z=2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\). Lúc đó:
\(A=\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(z+y\right)}{yzx}\).
Vì \(x,y>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(x+z\ge2\sqrt{xz}\left(1\right)\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\left(2\right)\);
\(z+y\ge2\sqrt{zy}\left(3\right)\).
Từ (1), (2), (3), ta được:
\(\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(z+y\right)\ge8\sqrt{xy.yz.zx}=8xyz\).
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(z+y\right)}{yzx}\ge\frac{8xyz}{xyz}=8\).
\(\Rightarrow A\ge8\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z>0\Leftrightarrow a+b=b+c=c+a>0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c>0\).
Mà \(a+b+c=1\)nên \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\).
Vậy \(minA=8\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\).
Lời giải:
Thay $1=a+b+c$ ta có:
\(A=\frac{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}{(1-a)(1-b)(1-c)}=\frac{(a+a+b+c)(b+a+b+c)(c+a+b+c)}{(a+b+c-a)(a+b+c-b)(a+b+c-c)}\)
\(=\frac{(2a+b+c)(a+2b+c)(a+b+2c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương ta có:
\(2a+b+c=(a+b)+(a+c)\geq 2\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}\)
\(a+2b+c=(b+c)+(b+a)\geq 2\sqrt{(b+c)(b+a)}\)
\(a+b+2c=(c+a)+(c+b)\geq 2\sqrt{(c+a)(c+b)}\)
Nhân theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow (2a+b+c)(a+2b+c)(a+b+2c)\geq 8(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)
Do đó: \(A\geq \frac{8(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=8\)
Vậy GTNN của $A$ là $8$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$