Cho x,y > 0 và \(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}=2\)
Chứng minh rằng \(x^2-4xy+6y^2+2x\ge6\)
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Xét: \(\frac{1-x^2}{x+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z+xy}\)
Thay thế \(x+y+z=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-x^2}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-y^2}{y\left(x+y+z\right)+xz}+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-z^2}{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}\)
Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức hiệu 2 bình phương: \(a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{x^2+xy+xz+yz}+\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)}{xy+y^2+yz+xz}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}{xz+zy+z^2+xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\le\left(\frac{2x+y+z}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(2x+y+z\right)^2}{4}\\\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\le\left(\frac{x+2y+z}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(x+2y+z\right)^2}{4}\\\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\le\left(\frac{x+y+2z}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(x+y+2z\right)^2}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{\left(2x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(y+z\right)}{2x+y+z}\\\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)}{\left(x+2y+z\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(x+z\right)}{x+2y+z}\\\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}{\left(x+y+2z\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{4\left(y+z\right)}{2x+y+z}+\frac{4\left(x+z\right)}{x+2y+z}+\frac{4\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge4\left(\frac{y+z}{2x+y+z}+\frac{x+z}{x+2y+z}+\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y+z=1-x\\x+z=1-y\\x+y=1-z\end{matrix}\right.\) ( 1 )
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}2x+y+z=1+x\\x+2y+z=1+y\\x+y+2z=1+z\end{matrix}\right.\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge4\left(\frac{1-x}{1+x}+\frac{1-y}{1+y}+\frac{1-z}{1+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge4\left(\frac{1+x-2x}{1+x}+\frac{1+y-2y}{1+y}+\frac{1+z-2z}{1+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge4\left[3-\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge12-4\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\)
Chứng minh rằng \(12-4\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\le6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{1+x}+\frac{y}{1+y}+\frac{z}{1+z}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1+x-1}{1+x}+\frac{1+y-1}{1+y}+\frac{1+z-1}{1+z}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{1}{1+x}+1-\frac{1}{1+y}+1-\frac{1}{1+z}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-\left(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\right)\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{3+x+y+z}=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\right)\le\frac{3}{4}\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(12-4\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1-x^2}{x+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z+xy}\ge6\) ( đpcm )
Cách khác:
\(A=\frac{1-x^2}{x+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z+xy}=\frac{1-x^2}{x(x+y+z)+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y(x+y+z)+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z(x+y+z)+xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1-x^2}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{1-y^2}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{1-z^2}{(z+x)(z+y)}=\frac{2(x+y+z)-[xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)]}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}\)
Có \(A\geq 6\Leftrightarrow 2-[xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)]\ge 6(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2+9xyz\geq 7(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2+9xyz\geq 7(xy+yz+xz)\) \((\star)\)
Theo BĐT Schur bậc 3 kết hợp AM-GM:
\(xyz\geq (x+y-z)(y+z-x)(x+z-y)=(1-2x)(1-2y)(1-2z)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 9xyz\geq 4(xy+yz+xz)-1\)
\(\Rightarrow 2+9(xy+yz+xz)\geq 1+4(xy+yz+xz)=(x+y+z)^2+4(xy+yz+xz)\)\(\geq 7(xy+yz+xz)\)
Do đó \((\star)\) được CM. Bài toán hoàn tất. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(VT=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{6^2}{2\cdot6}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=2\)
p/s: Đề sai nha bạn. Dạng tổng quát của bài toán :
Cho \(a,b,c>0;a+b+c=p\). Chứng minh rằng :
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{p}{2}\)
Bài 1: Theo đề : \(2ab+6bc+2ac=7abc\) \(;a,b,c>0\)
Chia cả 2 vế cho \(abc>0\Rightarrow\frac{2}{c}+\frac{6}{a}+\frac{2}{b}=7\)
Đặt: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\2z+6x+2y=7\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó: \(M=\frac{4ab}{a+2b}+\frac{9ac}{a+4c}+\frac{4bc}{b+c}=\frac{4}{2x+y}+\frac{9}{4x+z}+\frac{4}{y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{4}{2x+y}+2x+y+\frac{9}{4x+z}+4x+z+\frac{4}{y+z}+y+z-\left(2x+y+4x+z+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{x+2y}}-\sqrt{x+2y}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{4x+z}}-\sqrt{4x+z}\right)^2+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{y+z}}-\sqrt{y+z}\right)^2+17\ge17\)
Khi: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=z=1\end{cases}}\Rightarrow M=17\)
\(Min_M=17\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=1;c=1\)
ミ★๖ۣۜBăηɠ ๖ۣۜBăηɠ ★彡 chém bài khó nhất rồi nên em xin mạn phép chém bài dễ ạ.
2/\(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-x^2}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{\frac{\left(2x+y+z\right)^2}{4}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{4\left(y+z\right)}{2x+y+z}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2\left(y+z-2x\right)}{2x+y+z}+6\)
\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(y+z-2x\right)}{2x+y+z}-\frac{3}{2}\left(y+z-2x\right)\right)+6\)
\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(y+z-2x\right)^2}{2\left(2x+y+z\right)}+6\ge6\)
\(A=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{4xy}+4xy+\frac{1}{4xy}\)
\(A\ge\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4xy}.4xy}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\frac{4}{1^2}+2+\frac{1}{1^2}=7\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
2/a/\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-18x+9+y^2-6y+9+2z^2+4z+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\).Từ đó suy ra
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-3=0\\z+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Rightarrow ayz+bzx+cxy=0\)
Ta có \(\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{zx}{ac}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2.\frac{ayz+bzx+cxy}{abc}=1\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
1/Mạn phép sửa đề :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+y^2+2x-2y-1=0\left(1\right)\\2x\left(x+y\right)=2\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng (1) và (2) đc \(x^2-2xy+y^2+2x-2y-1=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)^2=0\)
Suy ra x-y=-1.Thế ngược lại vào 2 tìm đc x,y
.Nếu mà bạn giữ nguyên đề như vậy thì
Giải phương trình để tìm x bằng cách tìm a, b, và c
của phương trình bậc hai sau đó áp dụng công thức phương trình bậc hai. x=−1−√−3y2+6y+43 Lớp 9 x=−1+√−3y2+6y+432) Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2}=2\left(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+2xy}=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Mà x+y=1 nên suy ra:
\(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\ge8\)
=>đpcm.
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x=y=1/2
Áp dụng BĐ Svac-xơ, ta có
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
^_^
Ta có:\(x^2-4xy+6y^2+2x+4\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(x+x+\frac{8}{x^2}\right)+\left(2y^2+\frac{2}{y^2}\right)\)
\(\ge0+6+4=10\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-4xy+6y^2+2x\ge10-4=6\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=2 và y=1.