Câu này làm thế nào ạ?
Đề: Cho dãy số:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=4\\u_{n+1}=u_n+n\end{matrix}\right.\). Tìm số hạng thứ 5 của dãy số.
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\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{2u_n}{u_n+4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{u_n}\)
Đặt \(v_n=\dfrac{1}{u_n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}=2v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}=2\left(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x_{n+1}=2x_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x_n\) là CSN với công bội 2 \(\Rightarrow x_n=\dfrac{3}{2}.2^{n-1}=3.2^{n-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow v_n=x_n-\dfrac{1}{2}=3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{v_n}=\dfrac{1}{3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{3.2^{n-1}-1}\)
Đặt \(v_n=u_n^2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=2851\\v_{n+1}=v_n+n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=2851\\v_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)=v_n-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(v_n-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=2851\\x_{n+1}=x_n=...=x_1=2851\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{2}n+2851\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{2}n+2851}\Rightarrow u_{2020}=1429\)
\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(u_n+2\right)+n^2+1}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}=nu_n+n^2+2n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n+1\right)^3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(n+1\right)=n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\)
Đặt \(v_n=u.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}=0\\v_{n+1}=v_n=...=v_1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n=0\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
\(u_5=u_4+4=u_3+3+4=u_2+2+3+4=u_1+1+2+3+4\)
Cảm ơn nhiều ạ.