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a.
Đặt \(x+2y+1=a\)
\(\Rightarrow P=a^2+\left(a+4\right)^2=2a^2+8a+16=2\left(a+2\right)^2+8\ge8\)
\(P_{min}=8\) khi \(a=-2\) hay \(x+2y+3=0\)
b.
\(\sqrt{x}-1=a\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=a+1\Rightarrow x=a^2+2a+1\)
\(Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2+2a+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)+1}{a}=\dfrac{a^2+3a+3}{a}=a+\dfrac{3}{a}+3\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3a}{a}}+3=3+2\sqrt{3}\)
\(Q_{min}=3+2\sqrt{3}\) khi \(a=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(x=4+2\sqrt{3}\)
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\(1,\\ a,=4-5y\\ b,=\dfrac{20x}{3y}\cdot\dfrac{6y}{4}=\dfrac{10x}{1}=10x\\ 2,\\ a,=\left(2x+2-4\right)\left(2x+2+4\right)=2\left(x+1-2\right)2\left(x+1+2\right)\\ =4\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)\\ b,=\left(2xy-xz\right)+\left(6y-3z\right)\\ =2x\left(y-z\right)+3\left(y-z\right)=\left(2x+3\right)\left(y-z\right)\)