Cho xy=1
Tìm GTLN và GTNN của \(A=\frac{x}{x^4+y^2}+\frac{y}{x^2+y^4}\)
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1. \(1=x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=-2+\frac{2}{1+xy}\ge-2+\frac{2}{1+\frac{1}{2}}=-\frac{2}{3}\)
max A = -2/3 khi x=y=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz}=\frac{1}{x}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge\frac{1}{x}.\frac{4}{y+z}=\frac{4}{\left(4-t\right)t}=\frac{4}{4-\left(t-2\right)^2}\ge1\) với t = y+z => x =4 -t
Ta có: \(2x^2+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{1}{x^2}=4\)
=> \(\left(x^2+\frac{y^2}{4}\right)+\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)=4\)
Lại có: \(x^2+\frac{y^2}{4}\ge2.x.\frac{y}{2}=xy\) Và \(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\ge2.x.\frac{1}{x}=2\)
=> \(4\ge xy+2\)=> \(2\ge xy\)
=> \(A=2016+xy\le2016+2=2018\)
=> Amin=2018
\(\sqrt[]{\sqrt{ }\frac{ }{ }\sqrt[]{}3\hept{\begin{cases}\\\\\end{cases}}3\frac{ }{ }\sqrt{ }\cos\hept{\begin{cases}\\\\\end{cases}}\Omega3\cong}\)
Câu 1:
\(y^2+yz+z^2=1-\frac{3x^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+2yz+2z^2=2-3x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2+y^2+z^2+3x^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2+x^2+2x\left(y+z\right)+y^2+z^2+2x^2-2x\left(y+z\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=2-\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2=2-\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\right]\le2\forall x;y;z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le A\le\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=z\\x+y+z=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{-\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
\(A_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Câu 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+xy+yz+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Câu 3:
\(P=\frac{ab\sqrt{c-2}+bc\sqrt{a-3}+ca\sqrt{b-4}}{abc}\) ( \(a\ge3;b\ge4;c\ge2\) )
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2\cdot\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2+c-2}{c}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3+a-3}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4+b-4}{b}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=8\\c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 4:
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a;\sqrt{y}=b\left(a;b\ge0\right)\)
\(M=a^2-2ab+3b^2-2a+1\)
\(M=a^2-a\left(2b+2\right)+3b^2+1\)
\(\Delta=\left(2b+2\right)^2-4\left(3b^2+1\right)\)
\(=-8b^2+8b\)
\(=-8b\left(b+1\right)\ge0\)
Vì \(b\ge0\) nên \(-8b\left(b+1\right)\le0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=0\)
Khi đó \(M=a^2-2a+1=\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có x2+y2 / x-y = x2-2xy+y2+2xy / x-y
= (x-y)2+2xy / x-y
Mà xy = 1 => 2xy = 2. Thay vào, ta có
(x-y)2+2xy / x-y = (x-y)2+2 / x-y = (x-y)2 / x-y + 2 / x-y
= x-y + 2 / x-y
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có
x-y + 2 / x-y ≥ 2.√(x-y).2 / x-y] = 2.√2 = (√2)3
Vậy Min A = (√2)3
1/a/
\(A=\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{3}{x^2+y^2}=\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}\right)-\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+2\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}-\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}=16-2=14\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
b/
\(4B=\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{8}{xy}+16xy=\left(\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xy}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{xy}+16xy\right)+\frac{5}{xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+2\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}.16xy}+\frac{5}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}\)
\(=16+8+20=44\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge11\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 2 số không âm :
\(x^4+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^4y^2}=2x^2y=2xy\cdot x=x\)( vì \(xy=1\))
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{x^4+y^2}\le\frac{x}{x}=1\)
Hoan toàn tương tự : \(\frac{y}{x^2+y^4}\le\frac{y}{y}=1\)
Khi đó :
\(\frac{x}{x^4+y^2}+\frac{y}{x^2+y^4}\le1+1=2\)
Hay \(A\le2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^4=y^2\\x^2=y^4\\xy=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y=1\\x=y=-1\end{cases}}}\)
Thêm đk x,y>0
*Tìm giá trị lớn nhất:
\(A=\frac{x}{x^4+y^2}+\frac{y}{x^2+y^4}\le\frac{x}{2xy.x}+\frac{y}{2xy.y}=\frac{x}{2x}+\frac{y}{2y}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=1\)
Dấu "=' xảy ra khi x = y = 1
P/s: Bài này hình như không có Min thì phải.:>