Tìm các số nguyên x, y thỏa mãn : 2y2x + x + y + 1 = x2 + 2y2 + xy
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Ta có: \(2x^2+xy+2y^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Theo BĐT Bunhacopxky: \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(1+1\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow2x^2+xy+2y^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự:
\(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)\\ \sqrt{2z^2+xz+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta được: \(P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(x+y+z\right)=\sqrt{5}\cdot1=\sqrt{5}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé
https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-cac-so-duong-xyz-thoa-man-xyz1cmrcan2x2xy2y2can2y2yz2z2can2z2zx2x2can5.182722154737
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-1=2y^2\)
Do vế phải chẵn \(\Rightarrow\) vế trái chẵn \(\Leftrightarrow x\) lẻ
\(\Rightarrow x=2k+1\)
Pt trở thành: \(\left(2k+1\right)^2-1=2y^2\Leftrightarrow2\left(k^2+k\right)=y^2\)
Vế trái chẵn \(\Rightarrow\) vế phải chẵn \(\Rightarrow y^2\) chẵn \(\Rightarrow y\) chẵn
\(\Rightarrow y=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-9=0\Rightarrow x=3\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;2\right)\)
\(x^2+3x+5=xy+2y\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-xy-2y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(x+2\right)-y\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)+3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-y+1\right)=-3=\left(-1\right)\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot1\)
\(TH_1:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=-3\\x-y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-5;-5\right)\\ TH_2:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=3\\x-y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(1;3\right)\\ TH_3:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=1\\x-y+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-1;3\right)\\ TH_4:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=-1\\x-y+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-3;-5\right)\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-5;-5\right);\left(1;3\right);\left(-1;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right)\)
\(\left(2y^2x-2y^2\right)+\left(x-x^2\right)+\left(y-xy\right)+1=0\)
<=> \(2y^2\left(x-1\right)-x\left(x-1\right)-y\left(x-1\right)+1=0\)
<=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(2y^2-x-y\right)=-1\)
Vì x, y nguyên nên \(x-1;2y^2-x-y\)nguyên
Có 2 TH
+) Trường hợp 1
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=1\\2y^2-x-y=-1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\2y^2-y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\2y^2-2y+y-1=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\2y\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\\left(2y+1\right)\left(y-1\right)=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)vì x, y là số nguyên (thỏa mãn
+ Trương hợp 2
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=-1\\2y^2-x-y=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\2y^2-y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)thỏa mãn
VÂỵ ....