Cho tam giác ABC nhọn có các đường cao AA' , BB' , CC' và H là trực tâm .
CM : \(\frac{HB.HC}{AB.AC}+\frac{HA.HB}{BC.AC}+\frac{HC.HA}{BC.AB}=1\)
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+ Các tam giác ABC và ABH có chung đáy AB nên tỉ số đường cao bằng tỉ số diện tích:
+ Tương tự:
Khi đó ta có
a, Xét Δ ABD và Δ ABE, có :
\(\widehat{ADB}=\widehat{AEB}=90^o\)
\(\widehat{BAD}=\widehat{BAE}\) (góc chung)
=> Δ ABD ∾ Δ ABE (g.g)
b, Xét Δ EHB và Δ DHC, có :
\(\widehat{EHB}=\widehat{DHC}\) (đối đỉnh)
\(\widehat{HEB}=\widehat{HDC}=90^o\)
=> Δ EHB ∾ Δ DHC (g.g)
=> \(\dfrac{EH}{DH}=\dfrac{HB}{HC}\)
=> \(HB.HD=HC.HE\)
Ta có : \(\frac{AH}{AA'}=\frac{S_{ABH}}{S_{ABA'}}=\frac{S_{ACH}}{S_{ACA'}}=\frac{S_{ABH}+S_{ACH}}{S_{ABC}}\) ( Tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, tỉ số diện tích )
Tương tự ta có :
\(\frac{BH}{BB'}=\frac{S_{AHB}+S_{BHC}}{S_{ABC}}\) , \(\frac{CH}{CC'}=\frac{S_{ACH}+S_{BHC}}{S_{SBC}}\)
Do đó :
\(\frac{AH}{AA'}+\frac{BH}{BB'}+\frac{CH}{CC'}=\frac{2\left(S_{ABH}+S_{AHC}+S_{BHC}\right)}{S_{ABC}}=\frac{2\cdot S_{ABC}}{S_{ABC}}=2\)
Vậy : \(\frac{AH}{AA'}+\frac{BH}{BB'}+\frac{CH}{CC'}=2\)
Ta có hình vẽ :
Xét tam giác BHC' và tam giác BAB' có : Góc B chung
Góc BC'H = góc BB'A ( = 90 độ )
=> Tam giác BHC' \(\sim\) Tam giác BAB' ( g.g )
=> \(\frac{HB}{AB}=\frac{BC'}{BB'}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{HB.HC}{AB.AC}=\frac{BC'.HC}{BB'.AC}=\frac{S_{BHC}}{S_{ABC}}\) ( 1 )
Tương tự : \(\frac{HA.HB}{BC.AC}=\frac{HA.A'B}{BC.AA'}=\frac{S_{AHB}}{S_{ABC}}\)
\(\frac{HC.HA}{BC.AB}=\frac{HC.AC'}{AB.CC'}=\frac{S_{AHC}}{S_{ABC}}\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) => ĐPCM