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Lời giải:
a) Xét tử thức:
\((x^2+y)\left(y+\frac{1}{4}\right)+x^2y^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y+\frac{1}{3}\right)=x^2y+\frac{x^2}{4}+y^2+\frac{y}{4}+x^2y^2+\frac{3}{4}y+\frac{1}{4}\)
\(=x^2y+\frac{x^2}{4}+y+y^2+x^2y^2+\frac{1}{4}\)
\(=(x^2y+\frac{x^2}{4}+x^2y^2)+(y^2+y+\frac{1}{4})=x^2(y^2+y+\frac{1}{4})+(y^2+y+\frac{1}{4})\)
\(=(x^2+1)(y+\frac{1}{2})^2\)
Xét mẫu thức:
\(x^2y^2+1+(x^2-y)(1-y)=x^2y^2+1+x^2-x^2y-y+y^2\)
\(=(x^2y^2-x^2y+x^2)+(y^2-y+1)=x^2(y^2-y+1)+(y^2-y+1)\)
\(=(y^2-y+1)(x^2+1)\)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{(y+\frac{1}{2})^2}{y^2-y+1}\) là giá trị không phụ thuộc vào $x$
b)
\((y+\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0, \forall y\in\mathbb{R}\)
\(y^2-y+1=(y-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{3}{4}>0, \forall y\in\mathbb{R}\)
Do đó: $A=\frac{(y+\frac{1}{2})^2}{y^2-y+1}\geq 0$
Hay $A_{\min}=0$ tại $y=\frac{-1}{2}$
\(A\)xác định \(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+1+\left(x^2-y\right)\left(1-y\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+1+x^2-x^2y-y+y^2\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2y^2+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)-\left(x^2y+y\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)-y\left(x^2+1\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\ne0\)
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1>0\forall x\\\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\forall y\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]>0\forall x;y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\ne0\forall x;y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ne0\forall x;y\)
bạn Kiệt có đánh sai chỗ nào ko vậy :)). mình thấy có 1 lỗi :)).
Đặt \(a=2x+y;b=2y+x\) \(\left(a,b>0\right)\)
Khi đó : \(P=\frac{2}{\sqrt{a^3+1}-1}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{b^3+1}-1}+\frac{ab}{4}-\frac{8}{a+b}\)
Cô-si , ta có : \(\sqrt{a^3+1}=\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)}\le\frac{a+1+a^2-a+1}{2}=\frac{a^2+2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^3+1}-1\le\frac{a^2}{2}\)
Tương tự : \(\sqrt{b^3+1}-1\le\frac{b^2}{2}\)
Mặt khác : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}\ge\frac{8}{a+b}\Rightarrow-\frac{8}{a+b}\ge\frac{-2}{a}-\frac{2}{b}\)
\(P\ge\frac{4}{a^2}+\frac{4}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{4}-\frac{2}{a}-\frac{2}{b}=\left(\frac{4}{a^2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{4}{b^2}+1\right)+\frac{ab}{4}-\frac{2}{a}-\frac{2}{b}-2\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{ab}{4}-\frac{2}{a}-\frac{2}{b}-2=\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{ab}{4}-2\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{2}{a}.\frac{2}{b}.\frac{ab}{4}}-2=1\)
Vậy GTNN của P là 1 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{2}{3}\)
Mình nghĩ đề sửa là:
Cho các số x,y nguyên. Tìm GTM của biểu thức
\(P=\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(2x+y\right)^3+1}-1}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(x+2y\right)^3+1}-1}+\frac{\left(2x+y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}{4}-\frac{8}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
Cách làm giống @Thanh Tùng DZ@ nên không trình bày lại
\(B=\left[\left(\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}\right):\left(x-y\right)-2.\left(\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{x}\right)\right]:\frac{x-y}{y}\)
\(=\left[\frac{x^2-y^2}{xy}.\frac{1}{x-y}-2.\frac{x-y}{xy}\right].\frac{y}{x-y}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xy.\left(x-y\right)}-\frac{2.\left(x-y\right)}{xy}\right).\frac{y}{x-y}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x+y}{xy}-\frac{2x-2y}{xy}\right).\frac{y}{x-y}=\frac{x+y-2x+2y}{xy}.\frac{y}{x-y}=\frac{y.\left(3y-x\right)}{xy.\left(x-y\right)}=\frac{3y-x}{x.\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(C=\left(\frac{x+y}{2x-2y}-\frac{x-y}{2x+2y}-\frac{2y^2}{y-x}\right):\frac{2y}{x-y}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x+y}{2.\left(x-y\right)}-\frac{x-y}{2.\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{2y^2}{x-y}\right).\frac{x-y}{2y}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2+2.2y^2.\left(x+y\right)}{2.\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}.\frac{x-y}{2y}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+x-y\right)\left(x+y-x+y\right)+4y^2.\left(x+y\right)}{2.\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}.\frac{x-y}{2y}\)
\(=\frac{4xy+4xy^2+4y^3}{2.\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}.\frac{x-y}{2y}=\frac{4y.\left(x+xy+y^2\right).\left(x-y\right)}{4y.\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{x+xy+y^2}{x+y}\)
\(D=3x:\left\{\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^3+y^3}.\left[\left(x-\frac{x^2+y^2}{y}\right):\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{y}\right)\right]\right\}\)
\(=3x:\left\{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}.\left[\frac{xy-x^2-y^2}{y}:\frac{y-x}{xy}\right]\right\}\)
\(=3x:\left[\frac{x-y}{x^2-xy+y^2}.\left(\frac{xy-x^2-y^2}{y}.\frac{xy}{y-x}\right)\right]\)
\(=3x:\left(\frac{x-y}{x^2-xy+y^2}.\frac{xy.\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{y.\left(x-y\right)}\right)\)
\(=3x:\frac{xy.\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{y.\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}=3x:x=3\)
\(E=\frac{2}{x.\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{2}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(=2.\left(\frac{1}{x.\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right)\)
\(=2.\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)+x.\left(x+3\right)+x.\left(x+1\right)}{x.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(=2.\frac{x^2+2x+3x+6+x^2+3x+x^2+x}{x.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(=2.\frac{3x^2+9x+6}{x.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}=2.\frac{3.\left(x^2+3x+2\right)}{x.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{6.\left(x^2+x+2x+2\right)}{x.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\frac{6.\left[x.\left(x+1\right)+2.\left(x+1\right)\right]}{x.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{6.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\frac{6}{x.\left(x+3\right)}\)
