Cho: P = \(2^{2018}-2^{2017}-2^{2016}-...-2-1\)
Q = \(1+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(1+2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(1+2+3\right)+\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(1+2+3+4\right)+...+\frac{1}{16}\cdot\left(1+2+3+...+16\right)\)
Tính : \(S=\frac{P}{Q}\)
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= (1/2).(2/3).(4/5).(5/6)......(2016/2017).(2017/2018)
=1.2.3.4.5......2016.2017/2.3.4.5.....2017.2018
=1/2018
\(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{2017}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\frac{2016}{2017}\cdot\frac{2017}{2018}\)
\(=\frac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot2016\cdot2017}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot2017\cdot2018}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2018}\)
\(1+\frac{1}{2}.\left(1+2\right)+\frac{1}{3}.\left(1+2+3\right)+\frac{1}{4}.\left(1+2+3+4\right)+...+\frac{1}{20}.\left(1+...+20\right).\)
\(=1+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{6}{3}+\frac{10}{4}+...+\frac{210}{20}\)
\(=\frac{2}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{4}{2}+\frac{5}{2}+...+\frac{21}{2}\)
\(=\frac{2+3+4+5+...+21}{2}=\frac{230}{2}=115\)
b)
\(x-2.\left(\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+\frac{1}{5\cdot6}+\frac{1}{6\cdot7}+\frac{1}{7\cdot8}+\frac{1}{8\cdot9}\right)=\frac{16}{9}\)
\(x-2\cdot\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{9}\right)=\frac{16}{9}\)
\(x-2=\frac{16}{9}:\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{9}\right)\)
\(x-2=8\)
=> x = 10
a)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\cdot\cdot\frac{2013}{2014}\cdot\frac{2014}{2015}\cdot\frac{2015}{2016}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(C=\frac{5}{2}\cdot\frac{7}{5}\cdot\frac{9}{7}\cdot\frac{11}{9}\cdot...\cdot\frac{2017}{2015}\cdot\frac{2019}{2017}=\frac{2019}{2}\)
\(D=\left(1-\frac{1}{\frac{2\cdot3}{2}}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{\frac{3\cdot4}{2}}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{\frac{4\cdot5}{2}}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{\frac{5\cdot6}{2}}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{\frac{39\cdot40}{2}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{2}{2\cdot3}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{2}{3\cdot4}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{2}{4\cdot5}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{2}{5\cdot6}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(1-\frac{2}{39\cdot40}\right)\cdot\)
Nhận xét: \(1-\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)-2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n^2+n-2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n+2\right)\left(n-1\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)nên:
\(D=\frac{4\cdot1}{2\cdot3}\cdot\frac{5\cdot2}{3\cdot4}\cdot\frac{6\cdot3}{4\cdot5}\cdot\frac{7\cdot4}{5\cdot6}\cdot\frac{8\cdot5}{6\cdot7}\cdot...\cdot\frac{41\cdot38}{39\cdot40}=\)
\(D=\frac{4\cdot5\cdot6\cdot7\cdot...\cdot41\times1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot...\cdot38}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot5\cdot...\cdot39\times3\cdot4\cdot5\cdot6\cdot..\cdot40}=\frac{1}{39}\cdot\frac{41}{3}=\frac{41}{117}\)